Table 2.
Plasma insulin, glucose, and amino acid concentrations in saline and pST-treated pigs during pancreatic-glucose-amino-acid clamps
| Treatment | Preclamp | Target Insulin Levels, μU/ml |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 25 | 50 | |||||
| Insulin | Saline | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 24.3 ± 2.9† | 42.3 ± 2.6† | ||
| μU/ml | pST | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 4.7 ± 1.0 | 20.4 ± 2.4† | 43.1 ± 2.7† | ||
| Glucose | Saline | 55.2 ± 1.9 | 67.0 ± 6.0† | 52.9 ± 3.8 | 62.4 ± 4.0 | ||
| mg/dl | pST | 64.2 ± 2.6* | 85.4 ± 8.6† | 59.3 ± 5.2 | 72.3 ± 3.7 | ||
| BCAA | Saline | 417.8 ± 22.3 | 414.8 ± 22.3 | 324.0 ± 19.8 | 372.7 ± 21.3 | ||
| nmol/ml | pST | 408.3 ± 19.7 | 362.7 ± 19.7 | 343.2 ± 21.5 | 354.7 ± 25.9 | ||
| EAA | Saline | 940.5 ± 46.7 | 1,067.5 ± 121.4 | 745.9 ± 58.8 | 1,018.7 ± 87.2 | ||
| nmol/ml | pST | 865.6 ± 66.0 | 798.3 ± 99.6 | 869.4 ± 85.0 | 870.7 ± 60.5 | ||
| NEAA | Saline | 2,011.4 ± 98.3 | 2,094.7 ± 191.5 | 2,066.2 ± 104.2 | 2,151.1 ± 66.0 | ||
| nmol/ml | pST | 1,960.9 ± 101.9 | 1,872.7 ± 191.5 | 2,249.5 ± 89.2 | 1,930.2 ± 113.8 | ||
| TAA | Saline | 2,951.9 ± 113.4 | 3,162.2 ± 290.4 | 2,812.0 ± 113.6 | 3,169.8 ± 145.5 | ||
| nmol/ml | pST | 2,826.5 ± 151.3 | 2,671.0 ± 270.4 | 3,119.0 ± 96.5 | 2,800.9 ± 159.7 | ||
Values are means ± SE; n = 5–7/treatment group. BCAA, branched-chain amino acids (Ile, Leu, Val); EAA, essential amino acids (Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Val); NEAA, nonessential amino acids (Ala, Asp, Cit, Glu, Gln, Gly, Orn, Pro, Ser, Tau, Tyr); TAA, total amino acids (all EAA and NEAA). ANOVA indicated that pST treatment raised plasma glucose (P < 0.02), while the insulin infusion period altered glucose and insulin concentrations (P < 0.005). Results from paired t-test:
response in pST-treated pigs different from controls at individual infusion period (P < 0.05);
change during infusion period from preclamp value in either pST or control pigs (P < 0.05).