Table 2.
Retrospective history | Prospective occurrence | Assessment tools | |
---|---|---|---|
Auvinet et al., 2003 [39] |
1 year |
- |
- |
Bautmans et al., 2011 [40] |
6 months |
- |
TUG >15 s or Tinetti score ≤24 |
Caby et al., 2011 [41] |
1 year |
- |
25 m walking, Mini Motor test, Tinetti test, TUG, Physical Performance Scale, Fukuda test, One Legged Stance test |
Cho and Kamen 1998 [18] |
1 year |
- |
Self-reported frequent fallers |
Doheny et al., 2011 [42] |
5 years |
- |
Self-reported fear of falling or presence of cardiovascular risk factors |
Doheny et al., 2012 [43] |
5 years |
- |
- |
Doi et al., 2013 [44] |
- |
1 year (reported weekly) |
- |
Ganea et al., 2011 [45] |
- |
- |
Fried’s criteria for frailty |
Giansanti et al., 2006, 2008 [46-48] |
Unspecified |
- |
Tinetti test level 3 |
Gietzelt et al., 2009 [49] |
- |
- |
STRATIFY score (includes 2 month fall history) ≥2 |
Greene et al., 2010, 2012 [50,51] |
5 years |
- |
- |
Ishigaki et al., 2011 [52] |
- |
- |
One Legged Stance test (eyes open) ≤15 s and/or TUG ≥11 s |
Kojima et al., 2008 [53] |
1 year |
- |
- |
Laessoe et al., 2007 [54] |
- |
1 year (fall diary with contact at 6 months) |
- |
Latt et al., 2009 [55] |
1 year |
- |
- |
Liu et al., 2008 [56] |
Unspecified |
- |
Falling during gait perturbation assessment, medical history, self-identification as frequent faller |
Liu et al., 2011 [57] |
- |
- |
PPA |
Liu et al., 2011 [58] |
1 year |
- |
- |
Marschollek et al., 2008 [59] |
- |
- |
TUG > 20 s, STRATIFY score >2, Barthel Index: Mobility score <10 |
Marschollek et al., 2009 [60] |
In-hospital history |
- |
- |
Marschollek et al., 2011 [61,62] |
- |
1 year |
- |
Martinez-Ramirez et al., 2011 [63] |
- |
- |
Body mass loss ≥4.5 kg, low energy, low physical activity, weakness, slowness |
Menz et al., 2003 [64] |
- |
- |
Overall fall risk score (low, moderate, high risk) based on vision, peripheral sensation, strength, reaction time, balance tests |
Moe-Nilssen et al., 2005 [65] |
1 year |
- |
- |
Najafi et al., 2002 [17] |
- |
- |
Fall risk score ≥5 based on balance, gait, visual, cognitive and depressive disorders, history of falls. |
Narayanan et al., 2008, 2009, 2010 [66-68] |
- |
- |
PPA |
O’Sullivan et al., 2009 [1] |
1 year |
- |
- |
Paterson et al., 2011 [69] |
- |
1 year (reported monthly) |
- |
Redmond et al., 2010 [70] |
- |
- |
PPA |
Schwesig et al., 2012 [71] |
- |
1 year (recorded by caregivers) |
- |
Senden et al., 2012 [72] |
- |
- |
Tinetti test ≤24 (Low risk 19-24, High risk <19) |
Toebes et al., 2012 [73] |
1 year |
- |
- |
Weiss et al., 2011 [74] |
1 year |
- |
- |
Yack and Berger [75] | 1 year | - | Self report of unsteady or unstable walking and/or standing |
Assessment tool thresholds indicate a high fall risk category.