Table 4.
Outcome Prediction of Participants Surviving ≥3 Months
| |
Outcome measures and study endpoints |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor | 3 Months | 6 Months | 12 Months |
| GCS | NOS-TBI | ||
| r=−0.28, p=0.024 (n=66) | r=−0.15, NS (n=61) | r=−0.23, p=0.09 (n=54) | |
| GOS | |||
| r=−0.14, NS (n=78) | r=−0.20, NS (n=77) | r=−0.20, NS (n=62) | |
| GOS-E | |||
| r=−0.20, p=0.077 (n=78) | r=−0.20, p=.078 (n=77) | r=−0.16, NS (n=62) | |
| DRS | |||
| r=−0.26, p=0.023 (n=75) | r=−0.22, p=.058 (n=74) | r=−0.17, NS (n=61) | |
| NRS-R | |||
| r=−0.08, NS (n=58) | r=−0.14, NS (n=57) | r=−0.14, NS (n=50) | |
| Marshall CT classificationa | NOS-TBI | ||
| r=0.13, NS (n=65) | r=0.28, p=0.028 (n=60) | r=0.20, NS (n=53) | |
| GOS | |||
| r=0.27, p=0.0199 (n=77) | r=0.20, NS (n=76) | r=0.37, p=0.0036 (n=61) | |
| GOS-E | |||
| r=0.31, p=0.00063 (n=77) | r=0.23, NS (n=76) | r=0.33, p=0.01 (n=61) | |
| DRS | |||
| r=0.37, p=0.0011 (n=74) | r=0.25, p=0.033 (n=73) | r=0.37, p=0.0037 (n=60) | |
| NRS-R | |||
| r=0.22, NS (n=57) | r=0.39, p=0.0028 (n=56) | r=0.34, p=0.0178 (n=49) | |
| Lesion volumeb | NOS-TBI | ||
| r=0.03, NS (n=30) | r=0.18, NS (n=23) | r=0.00, NS (n=20) | |
| GOS | |||
| r=−0.04, NS (n=35) | r=0.04, NS (n=35) | r=0.10, NS (n=23) | |
| GOS-E | |||
| r=0.08, NS (n=35) | r=0.15, NS (n=35) | r=0.19, NS (n=23) | |
| DRS | |||
| r=0.24, NS (n=34) | r=0.28, NS (n=33) | r=0.05, NS (n=23) | |
| NRS-R | |||
| r=0.54, p=0.0043 (n=26) | r=0.37, NS (n=24) | r=0.28, NS (n=18) | |
| NOS-TBI at 1 month | GOS | ||
| r=0.66, p=0.001 (n=21) | r=0.54, p=0.014 (n=20) | r=0.39, NS (n=12) | |
| GOS-E | |||
| r=0.60, p=0.0011 (n=21) | r=0.53, p=0.014 (n=20) | r=0.54, p=0.07 (n=12) | |
| DRS | |||
| r=0.56, p=0.0089 (n=21) | r=0.54, p=0.015 (n=20) | r=0.34, NS (n=12) | |
| NRS-R | |||
| r=0.12, NS (n=12) | r=0.18, NS (n=10) | r=0.38, NS (n=11) | |
| NOS-TBI at 3 months | GOS | ||
| — | r=0.59, p<0.0001 (n=69) | r=0.58, p<0.0001 (n=55) | |
| GOS-E | |||
| — | r=0.66, p<0.0001 (n=69) | r=0.54, p<0.0001 (n=55) | |
| DRS | |||
| — | r=0.66, p<0.0001 (n=69) | r=0.63, p<0.0001 (n=55) | |
| — | NRS-R | ||
| r=0.43, p=0.0015 (n=52) | r=0.51, p=0.0003 (n=46) | ||
For all correlations in this table, exact p values are presented and p values≥0.10 are reported as not significant (NS). Using the false discovery rate procedure described by Benjamni and Hochberg26 for the families of correlations in this table, a p value≤0.015 is considered significant. GCS refers to the Glasgow Coma Scale score at time of trauma triage.
This is the Bigler version of the Marshall CT classification scheme.
Lesion volume is the sum of the volume of epidural and subdural hematomas, and intraparenchymal hemorrhages in cm3 as measured on the initial CT scan.
NOS-TBI, Neurological Outcome Scale for Traumatic Brain Injury; GOS, Glasgow Outcome Scale; GOS-E, GOS-Extended; DRS, Disability Rating Scale; NRS-R, Neurobehavioral Rating Scale-Revised; CT, computed tomography.