Table 3.

Adjuncts to cytotherapy and their effects on progenitor cells and cardiac healing

Adjuncts to Cytotherapy	Effect on PCs	Reported Effect Post–Myocardial Infarction
Stromal-derived factor 1α	Stimulates mobilization and homing.	Attenuated inflammatory response, decreased apoptosis, and improved cardiac function.
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor	Stimulates mobilization and differentiation of hematopoietic PCs.	Improved cardiac myocyte survival and cardiac function
		Decreased apoptosis, inflammation, and left ventricle remodeling.
Thymosin β 4	Stimulates differentiation and mobilization.	Decreased fibrosis, apoptosis, and infarct size
	Increased expression of antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative genes.