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Effect of heat-killed (HK) bacteria on basolateral release of TNF-α. Rat uterine epithelial cells, cultured on NUNC cell culture inserts in F12K complete medium, were treated with heat-killed E. coli (A) or L. rhamnosus (B). Basolateral media were removed following a 24-h apical incubation with heat-killed bacteria. Values are means ± standard errors for four wells per group. **, significantly (P < 0.01) different from control (n = 3).
