Table 4.
Drugs targeting inflammatory immune cells in the tumour microenvironment of solid tumours (excluding haematological cancers)
| CT identifier | Drug | Method of action | Cancer | Approved/phase study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Targeting T lymphocytes | ||||
|
NCT01844505 |
Nivolumab |
Anti-PD1 |
mMM |
Phase 3 |
|
NCT01642004 |
Nivolumab |
Anti-PD1 |
NSCLC |
Phase 3 |
|
NCT01354431 |
Nivolumab |
Anti-PD1 |
mRCC |
Phase 2 |
|
NCT00094653 |
Ipilimumab |
Anti-CTLA4 |
mMM |
Approved |
|
NCT00861614 |
Ipilimumab |
Anti-CTLA4 |
PC |
Phase 3 |
|
NCT01450761 |
Ipilimumab |
Anti-CTLA4 |
SCLC |
Phase 3 |
|
NCT01285609 |
Ipilimumab |
Anti-CTLA4 |
NSCLC |
Phase 3 |
|
NCT01693783 |
Ipilimumab |
Anti-CTLA4 |
Cervical cancer |
Phase 2 |
| NCT01860430 |
Ipilimumab |
Anti-CTLA4 |
HNSCC |
Phase 1B |
|
NCT00257205 |
CP-675,206 |
Anti-CTLA4 |
mMM |
Phase 3 |
|
Blocking immune cell recruitment | ||||
|
NCT01346358 |
IMC-CS4 |
CSFR1 antagonist |
Advanced tumours |
Phase 1 |
|
NCT01316822 |
ARRY-382 |
CSFR1 antagonist |
Advanced tumours |
Phase 1 |
|
NCT01015560 |
MLN1202 |
Anti-CCR2 |
Bone metastases |
Phase 1 |
|
NCT01032122 |
Rituximab |
Anti-CD20 |
mMM |
Phase 1 |
|
NCT01376713 |
Ofatumumab |
Anti-CD20 |
mMM |
Phase 2 |
|
NCT01456585 |
CP-870,893 |
Anti-CD40 |
mPC |
Phase 2 |
|
NCT01103635 |
CP-870,893 |
Anti-CD40 |
mMM |
Phase 1 |
|
NCT00607048 |
CP-870,893 |
Anti-CD40 |
Solid tumours |
Phase 1 |
|
Reprogramming immune cells | ||||
|
NCT00169104 |
G-CSF |
Sustained neutrophilia |
mBC |
Phase 1/2 |
|
NCT00014456 |
G-CSF |
|
Solid tumours |
Phase 1 |
|
NCT00070629 |
Promune |
TLR9 agonist |
NSCLC |
Phase 2 |
|
NCT00043394 |
Promune |
TLR9 agonist |
BC |
Phase 2 |
|
NCT00070642 |
Promune |
TLR9 agonist |
MM |
Phase 2 |
|
NCT00043407 |
Promune |
TLR9 agonist |
RCC |
Phase 1/2 |
|
NCT00292045 |
Promune |
TLR9 agonist |
PC |
Phase 1 |
|
NCT00669292 |
Promune |
TLR9 agonist |
Esophageal cancer |
Phase 1/2 |
| Multiple |
Vaccines (Multiple targets) |
T-cell activation |
Multiple cancers |
|
|
TH2-- > TH1 reprogramming | ||||
| NCT01642290 |
Anti-OX40 |
Anti-OX40 |
mBC |
Phase 1/2 |
|
NCT01644968 |
Anti-OX40 |
Anti-OX40 |
Advanced cancer |
Phase 1 |
| NCT01689870 | Anti-OX40 | Anti-OX40 | mMM | Phase 1/2 |
For an indepth review of the current landscape of targeting chronic inflammation, see Coussens [9]. CT identifier is to clinicaltrials.gov.
Abbreviations: mMM metastatic malignant melanoma, NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer, mRCC metastatic renal cell carcinoma, PC prostate cancer, SCLC small-cell lung cancer, HNSCC head-and-neck squamous cell cancer, mBC metastatic breast cancer.