Table 5.

Recommendations for overcome gaps of control capacity and diagnostic/drug development reported in this article

Diseases	Research area of gaps	Specific gaps	Recommendation for overcome gaps
Malaria	Epidemic control	Need more active surveillance for early detection	More precise prediction by statistical model and geographical information systems (GIS). Set up active surveillance and response system to prevent reestablishment of transmission.
		No appropriate techniques to evaluate elimination	Set up clonal germplasm repository for plasmodium and its vectors. Find specific biomarker to distinguish different geographic strain.
	Diagnosis	Need new diagnosis method for asymptomatic patient	Find new candidate biomarkers. Quality sampling for diagnostic kits before large-scale testing in field.
	Chemotherapy	Need innovative and safer drugs	Accelerate the validation and standardization for candidate drugs. Strengthen international cooperation in new drug development.
Schistosomiasis japonica	Epidemic control	Need effective tools for Oncomelania sp. snail control	Develop diagnostic assays for the large-scale screening of specific snails. Use GIS for prediction of snail distribution. Develop new snail interventions.
		Need policy support to protect the execution of control strategy	Coordinate by local government. Give full administration enforcement rights to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
	Diagnosis	Need more sensitive and cheaper diagnostic test for large population sampling.	Find new candidate biomarkers. Focus on innovation of immune complex dissociation procedure to increase the sensitivity of detection.
	Chemotherapy	Need new drugs in addition to praziquantel.	Accelerate the validation and standardization for candidate drugs. Strengthen international cooperation in new drug development.
Echinococcosis	Epidemic control	The execution for control echinococcosis is not satisfying.	Coordinate by local government. Give proper administration enforcement right to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
		Manpower restrictions in echinococcosis control	Larger personnel force for echinococcosis control. More professional training for echinococcosis control.
		Not enough support for hygiene and sanitation in epidemic areas.	Government increase in financial support on hygiene and sanitation improvement in these areas. Strengthen health education on echinococcosis prevention.
	Diagnosis	Need more sensitive test for early diagnosis	Undertake a comparative study of all the available antibody detection to form guidelines for large-scale scanning. Find new candidate biomarkers.
	Chemotherapy	Need more effective drug for short-term treatment	Accelerate the validation and standardization for candidate drugs. Focus to develop new form of benzimidazole to improve its bioavailability. Strengthen international cooperation in new drug development.