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. 2013 Aug 16;13:171. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-171

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Theories about the origin of the indirect life cycles. The upper row shows the ontogenies of the ancestral organisms, and the lower row shows the ontogenies of the indirect, pelago-benthic organisms with the added life cycle stages indicated in red. The cnidarians have sessile adults instead of creeping adults.