Table 4.
Associations of state, management system, age and breed with Campylobacter fetus infection in bulls in three northern states of Nigeria: results of a multivariable logistic regression model
| Variable | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| State |
|
|
|
| Kaduna |
1* |
– |
– |
| Adamawa |
10.1 |
4.0, 25.5 |
<0.01 |
| Kano |
1.3 |
0.5, 3.5 |
0.61 |
| Management system |
|
|
|
| Zero-grazing |
1* |
– |
– |
| Commercial |
1.9 |
0.3, 10.8 |
0.47 |
| Agro-pastoral |
1.5 |
0.5, 4.6 |
0.44 |
| Pastoral |
7.3 |
2.2, 24.3 |
<0.01 |
| Age |
|
|
|
| <4 years |
0.9 |
0.2, 4.6 |
0.91 |
| 4-5 years |
1* |
– |
– |
| 5-7 years |
1.3 |
0.7, 2.2 |
0.42 |
| >7 years |
3.4 |
1.3, 8.7 |
0.01 |
| Breed |
|
|
|
| Bunaji |
1* |
– |
– |
| Gudali |
1.4 |
0.7, 3.1 |
0.34 |
| Bos taurus |
4.2 |
0.9, 18.9 |
0.06 |
| B. taurus × B. indicus |
1.6 |
0.4, 6.6 |
0.51 |
| Other B. indicus | 1.1 | 0.4, 3.3 | 0.81 |
*Reference level.