TABLE 1.

Comparison of the rapid iN cell generation method presented here with previously reported methods of generating neurons from ES/iPS cells

targeted cell type	time to Tuj1/MAP2+ cells	time to functional synapses	yield of neurons	neuronal purity	neuron subtype purity	Reference	PMID
Neurons	~ 6 weeks	12 weeks	ND	15–79%*	mixed	Hu et al., 2010,	20160098
NPCs	4–5 weeks	ND	ND	ND	mixed	Zhang et al., 2001	11731781
Neurons	4 weeks	7 weeks	ND	89 ± 3%*	mixed	Johnson et al.,2007	17376968
NPCs	~3 weeks	ND	ND	82%*	mixed	Chambers et al., 2009	19252484
NPCs	~3–4 weeks	ND	ND	ND	mixed	Elkabetz et al., 2008	18198334
nociceptive sensory neurons	~2 weeks	ND	ND	> 75%*	>60% **	Chambers et al.,2012	22750882
midbrain dopamine neurons	~3–4 weeks	>7 weeks	ND	ND	60–80%**	Kriks et al., 2011	22056989
NPCs	4 weeks	ND	ND	40–70%*	mixed	Koch et al., 2009	19218428
cortical excitatory neurons	~3–4 weeks	> 8 weeks	ND	40% *	<20%**	Espuny-Camacho et al., 2013	23395372
neurons	4 weeks	~5 weeks with glia coculture	ND	70–80%*	mixed	Wu et al., 2007	17693548
inhibitory forebrain neurons	~3–4 weeks	~6 weeks	ND	~70% **	80%**	Maroof et al., 2013	23642365
inhibitory forebrain neurons	~3–4 weeks	8 weeks with glia coculture	ND	92% **	76%**	Nicholas et al., 2013	23642366
Neurons	~3–4 weeks	~4–5 weeks	ND	90% **	mixed	Israel et al., 2012	22278060
excitatory neurons	~1 week	2 weeks	~100%**	100%**	~100%***	this study	n.a.

^*based on 1 marker expression,

^**based on multiple markers,

^***based on functional data

All time periods listed are from the undifferentiated ES cell state; ND: not determined