Table 2.
Multivariable-Adjusted Linear Regression Models of Relation of VAT or SAT to Biomarkers: Standardized β coefficient of VAT/BSA or SAT/BSA†
| VAT/BSA | SAT/BSA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biomarker | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Insulin Resistance | |||||||
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 0.19* | 0.18* | -- | 0.07 | 0.01 | -- | |
| Insulin (µU/mL) | 0.32* | 0.30* | -- | 0.26* | 0.13 | -- | |
| HOMA-IR | 0.34* | 0.31* | -- | 0.26* | 0.12 | -- | |
| Fructosamine (µmol/L) | 0.02 | 0.03 | -- | −0.11* | −0.06 | -- | |
| Adipokines | |||||||
| Leptin (µg/L) | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.43* | 0.36* | 0.35* | |
| Adiponectin (ng/mL) | −0.17* | −0.16* | −0.12* | −0.02 | 0.06 | 0.07 | |
| Lipids | |||||||
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.13 | |
| LDL particle no. (nmol/L) | 0.21* | 0.22* | 0.18* | −0.03 | 0.05 | 0.04 | |
| LDL size (nm) | −0.23* | −0.23* | −0.20* | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.10 | |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 0.22* | 0.22* | 0.16* | −0.11* | −0.12 | −0.14 | |
| VLDL particle no. (nmol/L) | 0.17* | 0.18* | 0.15* | −0.08 | −0.03 | −0.04 | |
| VLDL size (nm) | 0.16* | 0.15* | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.01 | |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | −0.18* | −0.17* | −0.15* | −0.001 | 0.06 | 0.08 | |
| HDL particle no. (µmol/L) | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.06 | |
| HDL size (nm) | −0.22* | −0.21* | −0.18* | −0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | |
| Inflammation | |||||||
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 0.20* | 0.17* | 0.16* | 0.37* | 0.24* | 0.23* | |
| LTβR (ng/mL) | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.22* | 0.20* | 0.20* | |
| sESAM (ng/mL) | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.17* | 0.20* | 0.19* | |
p<0.0016
Model 1 adjusted for age + sex + race + menopausal status (women only) + VAT/BSA + SAT/BSA
Model 2 adjusted for Model 1 + BMI
Model 3 adjusted for Model 2 + HOMA-IR
Data presented are β coefficients that represent the estimated unit change in 1 standard deviation of the log-transformed biomarker for a 1 standard deviation increase in the fat parameter.
Only biomarkers with significant associations in multivariable analyses are shown in this table. See Supplementary Appendix Table 3 for list of multivariable associations with all other biomarkers tested.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity Creactive protein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LTβR, lymphotoxin β receptor; SAT, subcutaneous tissue; sESAM, soluble endothelial cell-selective molecule; VAT, visceral adipose tissue