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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Psychiatry. 2013 May 14;18(9):1034–1040. doi: 10.1038/mp.2013.61

Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of study groups

Healthy controls Trauma controls PTSD Test of difference Pairwise comparisons
N 23 12 25
M (SD) or n (%) M (SD) or n (%) M (SD) or n (%)
Age 32.1 (8.5) 29.7 (7.9) 32.2 (9.9) F(2,57)=.36, p=.70 -
Male sex 11 (47.8%) 7 (58.3%) 11 (44.0%) χ2(2)=.67, p=.71 -
White race/ethnicity 14 (60.9%) 2 (16.7%) 8 (32.0%) χ2(2)=7.56, p=.023 HC>TC,PTSD
Education (years) 16.0 (2.1) 14.1 (1.8) 14.6 (3.1) F(2,57)=2.86, p=.066 -
Body mass index 25.0 (3.4) 26.6 (4.5) 25.3 (4.7) F(2,57)=.56, p=.57 -
Ever drank alcohol in lifetime 11 (73.3%) 3 (42.9%) 12 (57.1%) χ2(2)=2.04, p=.36 -
Number of years used alcohol 5.7 (6.3) 8.0 (11.5) 5.0 (6.0) F(2,38)=.44, p=.65 -
Drank alcohol in past 30 days 9 (56.3%) 6 (54.5%) 10 (47.6%) χ2(2)=.31, p=.86 -
Number of days drank alcohol in past 30 days 2.4 (3.3) 3.7 (5.0) 2.5 (3.4) F(2,45)=.48, p=.62 -
Current smoker 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 9 (36.0%) χ2(2)=14.82, p=.001 PTSD>HC,TC
Nicotine dependence 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 3 (12.0%) χ2(2)=4.42, p=.11 -
Indices of lifetime trauma
Age at first trauma - 13.0 (4.8) 13.9 (10.3) F(1,35)=.09, p=.77 -
Age at presenting trauma - 16.5 (8.7) 18.2 (11.1) F(1,35)=.22, p=.64 -
Number of traumas - 3.0 (2.0) 3.5 (3.7) F(1,35)=.18, p=.68 -
Index traumatic event Fisher's exact test=6.38, p<.001
Physical assault - 9 (75.0%) 22 (88.0%)
Motor vehicle accident - 3 (25.0%) 0 (0%)
Witnessed suicide - 0 (0%) 3 (12.0%)
Lifetime mood or anxiety disorder 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 13 (52.0%) χ2(2)=23.23, p<.001 PTSD>HC, TC
Lifetime alcohol or drug abuse 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 9 (36.0%) χ2(2)=14.82, p=.001 PTSD>HC, TC
CAPS score - 5.6 (7.6) 75.5 (17.4) F(1,35)=175.99, p<.001 PTSD>TC
MADRS score 2.2 (3.0) 3.5 (6.5) 22.7 (10.0) F(2,57)=54.89, p<.001 PTSD>HC, TC
HAM-A score 1.6 (2.5) 2.3 (3.3) 21.4 (10.4) F(2,57)=55.77, p<.001 PTSD>HC, TC

Note. HC=Healthy controls; TC=Trauma Controls; SD=standard deviation; PTSD=Posttraumatic stress disorder; SD=standard deviation; CAPS=Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; MADRS= Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; HAM-A=Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Physical assault includes sexual abuse, domestic violence, and other non-combat related physical violence. Some frequencies and denominator degrees of freedom do not sum to total n due to missing data.

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