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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 15.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2013 Jun 19;74(6):427–435. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.007

Figure 1. Densities of PNNs are decreased in the PFC in subjects with schizophrenia.

Figure 1

A. Representative photomicrographs showing the distribution of PNNs in the PFC in a schizophrenia (right) and a normal control (left) subjects. Scale bar=100μm. B. Photomicrograph showing a WFA-labeled PNN. Scale bar=20μm. C. WFA-labeled PNNs are significantly decreased in layers 3 (70%) and 5 (76%) in subjects with schizophrenia (SZ; N=16). Bar graphs represent the mean and upper 95% confidence interval by cortical layer. Layer 1 is not shown because no PNNs were found in that layer. There are no significant differences in PNN densities between subjects with bipolar disorder (N=15) and normal control (N=16) subjects. p value, F ratio: *(0.016, 6.49); **(0.028, 5.36); ***(0.042, 4.51). D. PNN densities in relation to medications in the schizophrenia subjects. Note that in the two subjects who were on no medications (N=1) at the time of death or on a mood stabilizer only (N=1), PNNs were essentially undetectable in the PFC. C=control, SZ=schizophrenia, BD=bipolar disorder.