Table 1.
Family Index of Risk for Mood issues (FIRM) scores for families of youths with bipolar spectrum diagnoses compared to rest of outpatient mental health sample
| FIRM Scale | Non- Bipolar (n=230) M (SD) |
Bipolar Spectrum (n=43) M (SD) |
Mann Whitney z value | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suicide | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.5 (0.7) | 2.71** | .44 |
| Alcohol/Drug | 1.1 (1.2) | 1.3 (1.2) | .95 | .13 |
| Mental Hospitalizations | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.7 (1.0) | 2.07* | .41 |
| Depression | 1.0 (1.1) | 1.6 (1.4) | 2.72** | .49 |
| Manic | 0.6 (0.9) | 1.1 (1.3) | 2.37** | .49 |
| Total Score | 3.4 (3.2) | 5.2 (3.8) | 2.77** | .52 |
Note.
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .005; significance tests based on nonparametric Mann-Whitney because of high skew; Cohen’s d based on pooled SDs; conventional benchmarks for d are .2 for small, .5 for medium, and .8 for large effects.