Table 1.

Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure during leg cycling before (Ex1) and following (Ex2) partial flow restriction (PFR), for the control, β-adrenergic blockade and parasympathetic blockade conditions

	Experimental phase				P value
	Rest	Exl	PFR	Ex2	Drug	Phase	Interaction
HR (beats min-1)
Control	64 ± 4	97 ± 2*	110 ± 3*†‡	100 ± 2*	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
β-Block	57 ± 3	83 ± 3*§	89 ± 4*§	85 ± 3*§
Parasympathetic block	114 ± 3§¶	132 ± 4*§¶	145 ± 5*†‡§¶	135 ± 4*§¶
SBP (mmHg)
Control	121 ± 3	136 ± 6*	157 ± 7*†‡	137 ± 6*	0.426	<0.001	0.048
β-Block	116 ± 2	127 ± 4*	150 ± 5*†‡	129 ± 5*
Parasympathetic block	120 ± 6	131 ± 5*	148 ± 7*†‡	131 ± 5*
MAP (mmHg)
Control	82 ± 2	86 ± 3*	105 ± 3*†‡	87 ± 3*	0.290	<0.001	<0.001
β-Block	81 ± 2	84 ± 3	105 ± 3*†‡	85 ± 3
Parasympathetic block	90 ± 3*	91 ± 4	107 ± 5*†‡	91 ± 4
DBP (mmHg)
Control	63 ± 2	65 ± 2	83 ± 3*†‡	65 ± 3	0.133	<0.001	<0.001
β-Block	64 ± 2	62 ± 3	83 ± 3*†‡	63 ± 2
Parasympathetic block	75 ± 3§¶	69 ± 4*	87 ± 4*†‡	70 ± 4*

Values represent means (±SEM) at rest (3 min) and last minute of each experimental phase. SBP, systolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure. P values are derived from ANOVA examining main effects of drug, phase and interaction (drug × phase). *P < 0.05 vs. rest, †P < 0.05 vs. Ex1, ‡P < 0.05 vs. Ex2, §P < 0.05 vs. control, ¶P < 0.05 vs. β-blockade.