Table 3.

Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure during isometric handgrip and post-exercise ischaemia (PEI) for the control, β-adrenergic blockade and parasympathetic blockade conditions

	Experimental phase			P value
	Rest	Handgrip	PEI	Drug	Phase	Interaction
HR (beats min-1)
Control	68 ± 5	94 ± 4*	72 ± 4*†	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
β-Block	58 ± 4	76 ± 4*§	58 ± 3†§
Parasympathetic block	116 ± 3§¶	133 ± 4*§¶	120 ± 4†§¶
SBP (mmHg)
Control	122 ± 4	152 ± 6	147 ± 6	0.091	0.001	0.635
β-Block	110 ± 2	140 ± 3	137 ± 5
Parasympathetic block	120 ± 4	150 ± 6	143 ± 5
MAP (mmHg)
Control	82 ± 2	122 ± 4	108 ± 4	0.039	0.001	0.077
β-Block	76 ± 2	109 ± 3	103 ± 4
Parasympathetic block	90 ± 3	118 ± 4	111 ± 4
DBP (mmHg)
Control	63 ± 2	87 ± 3	82 ± 3	<0.001	<0.001	0.080
β-Block	60 ± 2	90 ± 3	82 ± 4
Parasympathetic block	73 ± 3	99 ± 3	92 ± 4

Values represent means (±SEM) at rest (3 min) and last minute of each experimental phase. SBP, systolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure. P values are derived from ANOVA examining main effects of drug, phase and interaction (drug × phase). *P < 0.05 vs. rest, †P < 0.05 vs. Ex, §P < 0.05 vs. control, ¶P < 0.05 vs. β-blockade.