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. 2013 Apr 4;19(5):403–412. doi: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0461

FIG. 2.

FIG. 2.

Different modes for testing fracture toughness of cartilage summed up by Ahsan and Sah20: (A) Mode I—Opening mode; (B) Mode II—Shearing mode; (C) Mode III—Tearing mode. Modes I and III have been the preferred methods used for evaluations of cartilage toughness. Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/teb