FIG. 2.
Different modes for testing fracture toughness of cartilage summed up by Ahsan and Sah20: (A) Mode I—Opening mode; (B) Mode II—Shearing mode; (C) Mode III—Tearing mode. Modes I and III have been the preferred methods used for evaluations of cartilage toughness. Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/teb