Mean heart rate according to quartiles of FT3, TT3, and TSH (within reference range for TSH). A higher quartile of FT3 is associated with a gradual increase in heart rate; a higher quartile of TSH is not. p-Values result from analysis of variance (overall difference between categories). Error bars represent standard error of the mean. T3, triiodothyronine; FT3, free T3; TT3, total T3.