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Proposed mechanisms of PGE2 production induced by TLR2/p38 MAPK and EP4 stimulation, leading to optimal PGE2 production and protection against necrosis in Mtb-infected Mφs. PGE2 generated by TLR2 stimulation/p38 MAPK phosphorylation following Mtb infection (first step) triggers EP4 to produce increased amounts of PGE2 (second step). PGE2 blocked necrosis induced by Mtb infection via EP2.
