Temporal gene expression profiles of MMP-12 (A), CXCL8 (B), CXCL5 (C), and CXCL1 (D). Expression level in each case was normalized to the value at 1 h. Dotted line represents a fold change of 1 (i.e., no change in expression). Results shown are representative of 3 independent experiments. ns, not significant. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.