Figure 7.
Model for elastin sequence signaling. HDF interactions with elastin sequences are mediated by the EBP and integrin αVβ3, which facilitates cell adhesion. PKA is a main intracellular mediator of elastin sequence signaling, as it directly regulates CREB1 and is an upstream kinase common to the NF-κB and AP1 pathways. Elastin sequence signaling induces 1) MMP-12 expression, which is postulated to generate elastokines for as long as an elastin source is available and thus propagate signaling; 2) expression of a chemokine cluster of CXCL8, CXCL5, and CXCL1; and 3) cell spreading and proliferation.