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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 27.
Published in final edited form as: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010 Nov-Dec;19(6):465–474. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2010.06.001

Table 1.

Frequency domain analysis in CAD

Study Mean age, years (n) Frequency (Hz) Conclusions
Diehl et al (1995)61 CO: 45 ± 15 (50)
CAD: 49 ± 18 (20)		 Paced breathing: 0.1 Paced LFO phase shift decreased on aS.
Diehl et al (1997)14 CO: 44.7 ± 15.0 (50)
CAD: 62.3 ± 9.7 (10)		 Spontaneous breathing: 0.05–0.15 LFO phase shift decreased on aS.
Hu et al (1999)17 CO: 61 ± 9 (37)
CAD: 70 ± 7 (83)		 Spontaneous breathing: 0.04–0.15 LFO phase shift and gain negatively correlated with degree of stenosis.
Reinhard et al (2003)18 Collateral flow group
I (best flow): (65)
II: (24)
III (worst flow): (12)		 Paced breathing: 0.1 Paced LFO phase shift decreased on aS in groups II and III compared with group I and nS.
Reinhard et al (2003)26 Unilateral CAD: 66 ± 8 (30)
Bilateral CAD: 68 ± 7 (30)		 Paced breathing: 0.1 No difference in paced LFO phase shift between most aS in unilateral and bilateral stenosis.
Haubrich et al (2004)72 CO: 55 ± 12 (14)
CAD: 65 ± 10 (102)		 Spontaneous breathing: 0.05–0.15 LFO phase shift decreased in groups with > 70% stenosis.
LFO was negatively correlated with degree of stenosis in CAD.
Reinhard et al (200)20 CEA (41)
SPAC (17)		 Spontaneous breathing: 0.06–0.12 Both LFO phase shift and gain increased after CEA and SPAC operations.

This table summarizes studies investigating oscillations in CAD through frequency domain analysis in the low-frequency spectrum.

Abbreviations: CO, healthy controls; aS, affected side; nS, nonaffected side; CEA, carotid endarterectomy; SPAC, stent-protected angioplasty of the carotid artery.