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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 27.
Published in final edited form as: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010 Nov-Dec;19(6):465–474. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2010.06.001

Table 3.

Frequency domain analysis in ischemic stroke

Study Pathology Mean age, years (n) Frequency, Hz Conclusions
Kwan et al (2004)28 MCA infarcts investigated <7 days, 6 weeks, and 3 months after stroke 73 ± 11 (10) Oscillation induced by handgrip, 0.025 No changes between sides; induced phase shift increases over time; no change in gain.
Reinhard et al (2005)24 Acute stroke:
MCA infarct size <35%
Study 1: 22 ± 11 hours of ictus
Study 2: 134 ± 25 hours of ictus		 CO: 61 ± 13 (25)
Study 1: 61 ± 12 (33)
Study 2: 59 ± 12 (29)		 Spontaneous breathing: 0.06–0.12 No changes in LFO phase shift or gain.
Immink et al (2005)27 MCA and lacunar infarcts CO: 57 ± 2 (10)
MCA infarct: 59 ± 5 (10)
Lacunar infarct: 63 ± 3 (10)		 Spontaneous breathing: 0.07–0.15 LFO phase shift decreased on aS in MCA infarcts but bilaterally decreased in lacunar infarcts.
Reinhard et al (2008)23 Acute stroke: Good outcome and bad outcome groups
Study 1: 20 ± 9 hours of ictus
Study 2: 64 ± 10 hours of ictus
Study 3: 112 ± 7 hours of ictus		 CO: 64 ± 9 (71)
Good outcome group: 64 ± 14 (9)
Poor outcome group: 72 ± 6 (7)		 Spontaneous breathing: 0.06–0.12 Good outcome group: LFO phase shift decreased on aS in study 2.
Poor outcome: LFO phase shift decreased on aS in studies 1 and 3. LFO phase shift decreased on aS compared with good outcome group and CO in all 3 studies.
LFO phase shift decreased on nS between studies 1 and 3.

This table summarizes studies measuring spontaneous LFOs in patients with ischemic stroke.

Abbreviations: CO, healthy controls; aS, affected side; nS, nonaffected side; lS, left side; rS, right side.