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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 27.
Published in final edited form as: Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2008 Mar;82(3):121–130. doi: 10.1002/bdra.20438

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Hypoxia induces cardiac defects. Embryos were exposed to room air (A,E) or hypoxia (10% O2, B–H) for 24 h. Embryos were then embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained. (A,E) Control embryo with C-looped heart showing a single heart tube (arrow). (B,F) Hypoxia-exposed embryo with a retarded heart showing incomplete looping. (C,G) Hypoxia-exposed embryo showing fusion defect (cardia bifida, arrows). (D,H) A severely abnormal embryo with incomplete migration and fusion (arrows) of cardiac primordia and an open neural tube (arrowhead). Hypoxia did not affect foregut morphogenesis (dotted arrow in E–H). Dotted line in panels (A–D) depicts the level of cross section in panels (E–H). S, somites.