Table 2.
Demographic and Health Characteristics of Rural and Urban COPD Patients
| Variables | Rural (n=110) | Urban (n=107) | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 67.9 | (10.14) | 68.19 | (9.18) | .822 |
| Gender, n(%) | |||||
| Male | 64 | (58.18) | 44 | (41.12) | .015 a |
| Female | 46 | (41.82) | 63 | (58.88) | |
| Race/Ethnicity, n(%) | |||||
| Hispanic | 1 | (0.91) | 2 | (1.87) | .152 |
| NH White | 105 | (95.45) | 93 | (86.92) | |
| NH Black | 4 | (3.64) | 11 | (10.28) | |
| NH Other | 0 | (0) | 1 | (0.93) | |
| Insurance status (n,%)b | |||||
| Medicare | 89 | (80.91) | 86 | (80.37) | .591 |
| Medicaid | 20 | (18.19) | 15 | (14.01) | .553 |
| Private/Other | 49 | (44.56) | 48 | (44.86) | .769 |
| Uninsured | 6 | (5.45) | 7 | (6.54) | .736 |
| Smoking Status, n(%) | |||||
| Current Smoker | 27 | (24.55) | 24 | (22.43) | .907 |
| Ex-Smoker | 73 | (66.36) | 74 | (69.16) | |
| Never smoker | 10 | (9.09) | 9 | (8.41) | |
| Pack-Years, Mean(SD) | 64 | (36.7) | 54.7 | (36.2) | .077 |
| Pack-Years, median(IQR) | 54 | (40.0, 82.0) | 46.9 | (31.2, 65.1) | .019 a |
| Currently using oxygen, n(%) | |||||
| Yes | 50 | (45.45) | 38 | (35.51) | .136 |
| No | 60 | (54.55) | 69 | (64.49) | |
| Medication Adherent, n(%) | 15 | (13.64) | 8 | (7.55) | .141 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, mean(SD) | 2.87 | (1.95) | 3.03 | (2.02) | .563 |
| Activation Level, n(%) | |||||
| Active | 55 | (50.00) | 57 | (53.27) | .592 |
| High effort | 15 | (13.64) | 11 | (10.28) | |
| Complacent | 33 | (30.00) | 28 | (26.17) | |
| Passive | 7 | (6.36) | 11 | (10.28) | |
| Geriatric Depression Scale | |||||
| No Depression | 82 | (74.55) | 78 | (72.90) | .783 |
| Depression | 28 | (25.45) | 29 | (27.10) | |
| Self Efficacy | |||||
| Negative Affect | 2.54 | (0.93) | 2.52 | (0.85) | .907 |
| Emotional Arousal | 2.38 | (0.84) | 2.38 | (0.79) | .983 |
| Physical Exertion | 3.03 | (0.99) | 2.97 | (0.92) | .600 |
| Weather/Environment | 2.76 | (0.84) | 2.75 | (0.83) | .965 |
| Behavior | 2.76 | (0.95) | 2.64 | (0.89) | .320 |
a
Indicates statistical significance at the 0.05 level
b
Levels of insurance status are not mutually exclusive; patients may have multiple providers, therefore the total is not equal to 217; percentages are out of the total 217 subjects
P values are based on independent sample t-tests, chi-square tests, and Mann Whitney U test
SD=Standard Deviation; IQR=Interquartile range; NH=Non hispanic