Table 4.

Association of Rural-Urban Status With Quality of Life as Measured by the SF-12

Health Outcome	SF-12 Physical Composite Score		SF-12 Mental Composite Score
Variables	Model 1b	Model 2c	Model 1b	Model 2c
Rural(ref=Urban)	−2.38 a	−2.30	0.45	0.85
Age	0.06	0.05	0.16	0.17
Female (ref=Male)	−0.10	0.43	−0.93	−0.29
Smoker (ref=Ex/Never)	−0.56	−0.13	3.72 a	3.69 a
Pack-Years	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02
Depression(ref=No depression)	−2.74	−2.04	−13.8 a	−9.73 a
GOLD stage 3/4 (ref=stage 2)	1.72	0.95	0.38	−0.49
6MW (ref=< 350m)	2.61	2.99	−2.07	−1.53
BODE index	−1.80 a	−1.35 a	−0.19	0.04
marital status		1.37		−0.30
education		−0.08		−2.68
income		1.63		1.38
Charlson comorbidity index		−0.52		0.17
Medication adherence		0.05		1.50
Level of Activation		0.33		0.47
Negative Affect		0.95		−3.89 a
Emotional Arousal		1.24		−2.02
Physical Exertion		−1.73		−1.72
Weather		−0.96		7.19 a
Behavior		−0.51		−1.78

^aindicates P <0.05

^bModel 1 adjusted for Urbanicity, Age, gender, race, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, GOLD stage, and 6MW

^cModel 2 further adjusts for marital status, income, CCI, Medication adherence, level of activation, and COPD self efficacy

6MW=6 minute walk; BODE=Body mass index, FEV1, dyspnea, and exercise capacity