Table 2.
Frequencies of kdr alleles in Anopheles gambiae M form (A) and S form (B) populations in continental Equatorial Guinea for which pre-intervention (2007) and post-intervention (2009–2011) data were available*
| Site (A) | Intervention | 2007 | 2009–2011 | 2007 | 2009–2011 | Trend | 2007 | 2009–2011 | Trend | 2007 | 2009–2011 | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2N | 2N | L1014L | L1014L | L1014L | L1014S | L1014S | L1014S | L1014F | L1014F | L1014F | ||
| Anisok | ITN | 126 | 18 | 6.3% | 11.1% | – | 19.0% | 5.6% | – | 74.6% | 83.3% | – |
| Cogo | IRS | 22 | 296 | 63.6% | 9.1% | Decrease | 0.0% | 13.2% | – | 36.4% | 77.7% | Increase |
| Ngolo | IRS | 18 | 942 | 33.3% | 12.4% | Decrease | 11.1% | 12.6% | – | 55.6% | 74.9% | – |
| Ukomba | IRS | 284 | 926 | 80.3% | 2.5% | Decrease | 2.1% | 5.2% | Increase | 17.6% | 92.3% | Increase |
| Yengue | IRS | 596 | 172 | 69.5% | 19.8% | Decrease | 4.0% | 7.0% | – | 26.5% | 73.3% | Increase |
| Average | 50.6% | 11.0% | 7.3% | 8.7% | 42.1% | 80.3% | ||||||
| Site (B) | Intervention | 2007 | 2009–2011 | 2007 | 2009–2011 | Trend | 2007 | 2009–2011 | Trend | 2007 | 2009–2011 | Trend |
| 2N | 2N | L1014L | L1014L | L1014L | L1014S | L1014S | L1014S | L1014F | L1014F | L1014F | ||
| Aconibe | ITN | 14 | 724 | 28.6% | 1.9% | Decrease | 14.3% | 11.7% | – | 57.1% | 86.3% | Increase |
| Akurenam | ITN | 460 | 1,104 | 23.0% | 10.4% | Decrease | 15.9% | 30.3% | Increase | 61.1% | 59.2% | – |
| Anisok | ITN | 176 | 438 | 6.8% | 8.9% | – | 27.8% | 12.1% | Decrease | 65.3% | 79.0% | Increase |
| Mongomo | ITN | 20 | 1,876 | 0.0% | 2.8% | – | 10.0% | 15.9% | – | 90.0% | 81.3% | – |
| Cogo | IRS | 218 | 1,068 | 61.5% | 8.0% | Decrease | 11.5% | 20.0% | Increase | 27.1% | 72.0% | Increase |
| Ebebiyin | IRS | 730 | 1,396 | 2.5% | 3.5% | – | 19.9% | 14.1% | Decrease | 77.7% | 82.4% | Increase |
| Ngolo | IRS | 84 | 736 | 2.4% | 3.1% | – | 42.9% | 15.1% | Decrease | 54.8% | 81.8% | Increase |
| Ukomba | IRS | 80 | 218 | 32.5% | 0.0% | Decrease | 25.0% | 25.7% | – | 42.5% | 74.3% | Increase |
| Yengue | IRS | 418 | 826 | 8.6% | 7.0% | – | 30.9% | 24.5% | Decrease | 60.5% | 68.5% | Increase |
| Average | 18.4% | 5.1% | 22.0% | 18.8% | 59.6% | 76.1% |
*
kdr = knockdown resistance; ITN = insecticide-treated net; IRS = indoor residual spraying. Significant differences between years for each of the three alleles (L1014L, L1014S, and L1014F) are indicated by increase or decrease in the Trend column. P values are shown in Supplemental Table 1.