Table 2.
Modified intention-to-treat analysis (without imputation) showing differences in adiposity measures, IGF-I, circumferences and height comparing intervention vs. control groups (n=13,879)
| Experimental group (n=7405) | Control group (n=6474) | ICC | Difference in mean (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | N | Mean | 95% CI | N | Mean | 95% CI | Cluster adjusted | Further adjusted for baseline factorsa |
|
| BMI (kg/m2) | 7402 | 18.32 | 18.25, 18.39 | 6464 | 18.05 | 17.97, 18.12 | 0.01 | 0.19 (−0.09, 0.46) | 0.16 (−0.02, 0.35) |
| FMI (kg/m2) | 7342 | 3.40 | 3.35, 3.45 | 6427 | 3.24 | 3.19, 3.29 | 0.01 | 0.12 (−0.03, 0.28) | 0.10 (−0.02, 0.22) |
| FFMI (kg/m2) | 7348 | 14.92 | 14.89, 14.95 | 6426 | 14.83 | 14.80, 14.87 | 0.02 | 0.04 (−0.11, 0.18) | 0.04 (−0.06, 0.14) |
| Body fat % | 7345 | 17.38 | 17.20, 17.56 | 6433 | 16.78 | 16.59, 16.97 | 0.01 | 0.47 (−0.11, 1.05) | 0.36 (−0.09, 0.81) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 7402 | 64.68 | 64.50, 64.87 | 6471 | 64.77 | 64.58, 64.97 | 0.09 | 0.30 (−1.41, 2.01) | 0.57 (−1.09, 2.23) |
| Triceps skinfold thickness (mm) | 7399 | 13.62 | 13.47, 13.76 | 6470 | 14.20 | 14.05, 14.36 | 0.13 | −0.07 (−1.71, 1.57) | −0.14 (−1.85, 1.56) |
| Subscapular skinfold thickness (mm) | 7399 | 9.07 | 8.95, 9.19 | 6470 | 9.16 | 9.02, 9.30 | 0.03 | −0.02 (−0.79, 0.75) | −0.14 (−0.88, 0.60) |
| IGF-I (z-score)b | 6668 | 0.01 | −0.02, 0.03 | 5712 | −0.01 | −0.03, 0.02 | 0.02 | −0.02 (−0.12, 0.08) | −0.03 (−0.12, 0.06) |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 7402 | 78.38 | 78.20, 78.56 | 6471 | 77.38 | 77.18, 77.57 | 0.03 | 0.82 (−0.20, 1.84) | 0.81 (0.09, 1.53) |
| Waist:hip ratio | 7402 | 82.56 | 82.42, 82.70 | 6471 | 83.73 | 83.59, 83.88 | 0.25 | −0.44 (−2.63, 1.75) | −0.12 (−2.21, 1.96) |
| Standing height (cm) | 7403 | 150.39 | 150.2, 150.6 | 6471 | 149.16 | 149.0, 149.4 | 0.05 | 0.52 (−0.78, 1.82) | 0.42 (−0.39, 1.23) |
| Leg length (cm) | 7395 | 72.01 | 71.90, 72.13 | 6460 | 71.28 | 71.17, 71.40 | 0.05 | 0.59 (−0.22, 1.40) | 0.54 (0.00, 1.07) |
| Head circumference (cm) | 7402 | 53.61 | 53.57, 53.65 | 6471 | 53.50 | 53.46, 53.54 | 0.10 | 0.20 (−0.18, 0.58) | 0.25 (−0.13, 0.62) |
| Mid upper-arm circumference (cm) | 7399 | 22.12 | 22.05, 22.18 | 6467 | 21.95 | 21.88, 22.02 | 0.03 | 0.19 (−0.19, 0.57) | 0.18 (−0.13, 0.49) |
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | |||||||||
| N | % | N | % | Cluster adjusted | Further adjusted for baseline factorsa | ||||
| BMI ≥85th percentilec | 1192 | 16.1 | 910 | 14.1 | 1.18 (1.01, 1.39) | 1.17 (1.01, 1.35) | |||
| BMI ≥95th percentilec | 397 | 5.4 | 304 | 4.7 | 1.17 (0.97, 1.41) | 1.16 (0.98, 1.39) | |||
BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; FMI = fat mass index; FFMI = fat free mass index; ICC = intraclass correlation coefficient; IGF-I = insulin-like growth factor-I.
Adjusted for stratum-level variables (urban versus rural and East versus West Belarus), and for child age at follow-up, sex, birthweight and both maternal and paternal education;
IGF-I levels presented as z-scores (standardised within assay run) and coefficients additionally controlled for time between sampling and assay analysis date;
based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2000 reference data19 vs < 85th percentile.