Table 3.
Summary table of significant vs. trend associations between predictor variables and outcomes, along with the strength of association.
| Rates of Alcohol Use | Rates of Cigarette Use | Rates of Aggressive Behavior* | Rates of Property Destruction* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Community Risks | ||||
| Economic Risk | -- | .01 | -- | -- |
| Economic Risk Sq | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Residential Instability | -- | -- | .10 | .05 |
| Residential Instability Sq | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Crime | -- | -- | -- | .10 |
| Crime Sq | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Substance Use Env | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Substance Use Env Sq | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| District Risk | -- | .01 | trend | -- |
| District Risk Sq | -- | -- | .05 | -- |
| Community Resources | ||||
| Collective Efficacy | -- | .10 | trend | -- |
| Collective Efficacy Sq | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| School Leadership | .01 | .10 | .05 | .05 |
| School Leadership Sq | -- | -- | .05 | .05 |
| Youth Organizations | .05 | -- | -- | -- |
| Youth Organizations Sq | .10 | -- | -- | -- |
| Interactions | ||||
| Activity Opportunities | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Transportation | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Activity × Transportation | -- | -- | trend | -- |
| Accumulated Risks | -- | .10 | -- | .10 |
| Accumulated Resources | -- | -- | .10 | -- |
| Accum Risks × Accum Res. | -- | -- | -- | .05 |
We controlled for percent male gender in the aggressive behavior and property destruction models because prior research has shown links between externalizing behaviors and gender at the individual level and because the percent of respondents in each community that were male ranged from 42% to 56%. After testing our hypotheses, we computed the models without the control for gender and found two changes in the aggressive behavior models: economic risk was a significant predictor and crime had a nonsignificant trend (p=.11) with rates of aggressive behavior without gender in the model. We chose to report the models that included gender as a control because they are more conservative estimates.