TABLE 1.
Subject Individual and Ecologic Characteristics by PCP Registration (1998–2003)
| Potential Determinant | Cancer Deaths by PCP Status, Frequency (%)
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Registered (n = 4923) | Not Registered (n = 2588) | |
| Individual Level | ||
| Age (yrs)§ | ||
| <65 | 1623 (33.0) | 420 (16.2) |
| 65–74 | 1262 (25.6) | 534 (20.6) |
| 75–84 | 1413 (28.7) | 854 (33.0) |
| 85+ | 625 (12.7) | 780 (30.1) |
| Age (yrs)§ | ||
| Mean (SD) | 69.1 (13.0) | 76.0 (11.9) |
| Median (range) | 71 (19–100) | 78 (19–103) |
| Environment | ||
| Distance to closest cancer center (km)§ | ||
| 0–10 | 2824 (57.4) | 1215 (47.0) |
| 11–50 | 1928 (39.2) | 791 (30.6) |
| 51–120 | 171 (3.5) | 582 (22.5) |
| Year of death | ||
| 1998 | 782 (15.9) | 414 (16.0) |
| 1999 | 804 (16.3) | 427 (16.5) |
| 2000 | 802 (16.3) | 423 (16.3) |
| 2001 | 800 (16.3) | 433 (16.7) |
| 2002 | 841 (17.1) | 456 (17.6) |
| 2003 | 894 (18.2) | 435 (16.8) |
| Population Characteristics | ||
| Predisposing | ||
| Sex§ | ||
| Female | 2424 (49.2) | 1145 (44.2) |
| Survival time§ | ||
| ≤60 days | 888 (18.0) | 730 (28.2) |
| 61–120 days | 539 (11.0) | 211 (8.2) |
| 121–183+ days | 3496 (71.0) | 1647 (63.6) |
| Enabling resources | ||
| Long term care resident§ | ||
| At least 1 LTC visit | 345 (7.0) | 511 (19.7) |
| Need | ||
| Cancer cause of death§ | ||
| Breast | 387 (7.9) | 159 (6.1) |
| Lung | 1357 (27.6) | 601 (23.2) |
| Colorectal | 501 (10.2) | 227 (8.8) |
| Gastrointestinal–other | 766 (15.6) | 359 (13.9) |
| Prostate | 234 (4.8) | 193 (7.5) |
| Genitourinary–other | 208 (4.2) | 130 (5.0) |
| Gynecologic | 220 (4.5) | 84 (3.3) |
| Hematological | 275 (5.6) | 240 (9.3) |
| Others | 411 (8.4) | 164 (6.3) |
| Unknown primary | 564 (11.5) | 431 (16.7) |
| Co-morbidities (Charlsen index)§ | ||
| Mean (SD) | 4.9 (2.9) | 3.4 (3.1) |
| Median (range) | 6 (0–12) | 2 (0–15) |
| Health Behavior | ||
| Use of health services | ||
| Inpatient length of stay§ (also viewed as a proxy for “need”) | ||
| 0 days | 608 (12.4) | 494 (19.1) |
| 1–14 days | 1474 (29.9) | 875 (33.8) |
| 15–31 days | 1253 (25.5) | 563 (21.8) |
| 32+ days | 1588 (32.3) | 656 (25.4) |
| All physician visits§ | ||
| <20 | 1188 (24.1) | 857 (33.1) |
| 21–34 | 1348 (27.4) | 684 (26.4) |
| 35–49 | 1014 (20.6) | 423 (16.3) |
| 50 or more | 1373 (27.9) | 624 (24.1) |
| At least 1 chemo-related visit§ | ||
| Yes | 1306 (26.5) | 228 (8.8) |
| Radiotherapy received last 6 mo of life§ | ||
| Yes | 1974 (40.1) | 438 (16.9) |
| Homecare receipt (2003 only)§ | ||
| Yes | 717 (80.2) | 249 (57.2) |
| Neighborhood (contextual) Level | ||
| Environment | ||
| Health care system | ||
| Family physician density, number per 1000 DA population§ | ||
| Mean (SD) | 1.3 (4.5) | 1.9 (7.5) |
| Median (range) | 0 (0–93) | 0 (0–93) |
| Long term care beds availability, number per 1000 DA population§ | ||
| Mean (SD) | 9.1 (59.5) | 23.7 (97.3) |
| Median (range) | 0 (0–607) | 0 (0–607) |
| Population Characteristics | ||
| Predisposing | ||
| High school graduates§ | ||
| ≥50% graduated high school | 4773 (97.5) | 2418 (94.9) |
| Unemployment§ | ||
| ≥10% unemployed | 452 (9.2) | 349 (13.7) |
| Living alone | ||
| ≥10% in DA live alone | 2104 (43.0) | 1137 (44.6) |
| Black community‡ | ||
| ≥10% black | 312 (6.4) | 114 (4.5) |
| Visible minorities (all) in community‡ | ||
| ≥10% visible minorities | 788 (16.1) | 331 (13.0) |
| Visible minorities, excluding black in community§ | ||
| ≥10% visible minorities, excluding blacks | 293 (6.0) | 98 (3.9) |
| Francophone community§ | ||
| ≥10% French as mother tongue | 29 (0.6) | 75 (2.9) |
| Enabling Resources | ||
| Income quintiles§ | ||
| Low | 1028 (20.9) | 548 (21.2) |
| Low-middle | 1041 (21.2) | 616 (23.8) |
| Middle | 947 (19.2) | 512 (19.8) |
| Upper-middle | 897 (18.2 | 393 (15.2) |
| Upper | 873 (17.7) | 379 (14.6) |
| Missing | 137 (2.8) | 140 (5.4) |
| Average 2000 household income§ ($) | ||
| Mean (SD) | 48,879 (20,441) | 45,828 (18,812) |
| Median (range) | 46,513 (0–227,520) | 44,282 (0–181,978) |
| Urban rural indicator§ | ||
| Urban | 3900 (79.3) | 1724 (66.6) |
| Rural | 1015 (20.6) | 863 (33.4) |
Neighborhood (contextual) level, population predisposing characteristics were not available for 68 subjects.
Differences were assessed using χ2 tests of association for categorical variables; t tests for normally distributed variables, and Wilcoxon rank sum test for nonparametric data.
‡
P < 0.001;
§
P < 0.0001.