Figure 8.

Schematic model for potential estrogen/mTORC1 crosstalk in LAM. Estrogen promotes proliferation both transcriptionally and through nongenomic MAPK/Akt signaling. This nongenomic kinase signaling can both modulate ER-mediated transcription and regulate mTORC1 signaling through both Tsc1/2-dependent and possibly -independent mechanisms. This complex of mTORC1 inhibitor proteins likely includes TBC1D7, as well as Tsc1 and Tsc2. mTORC1 regulates proliferation through many pathways, including enhancement of translation.