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. 2013 Aug 20;9(8):792–802. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.5862

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© Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited.

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Optimal number of reference genes for normalization in Plutella xylostella. The pairwise variation (V_n/V_n+1) was analyzed between the normalization factors NF_n and NF_n+1by the geNorm software to determine the optimal number of reference genes included in the qRT-PCR analysis. Average value of pairwise variations (V) dictates whether inclusion of an extra reference gene would add to the stability of the normalization factor.