Table 3.

Associations between % flow-mediated vasodilation and diabetic retinopathy

FMD, flow mediated vasodilation; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

^aModel 1, adjusted for age and sex, ^bModel 2, adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus diabetes duration, use of insulin, use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin-II receptor blocker, antiplatelet and lipid-lowering medications, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and urinary albumin excretion.