Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Sample
| Characteristic | Whole Sample (N=3014) | Insulin Resistance | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present (N=850) | Absent (N=2164) | ||
| Age, years | 54±10 | 56±9 | 53±10 |
| Women | 55 % | 42 % | 60 % |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) | 125±18 | 134±18 | 122±17 |
| Diastolic Blood pressure (mm Hg) | 75±10 | 79±10 | 73±10 |
| Hypertension | 31 % | 52 % | 22 % |
| Anti-hypertensive treatment | 16 % | 30 % | 11 % |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.3±4.9 | 30.8±5.4 | 25.9±4.0 |
| Current smokers | 19 % | 17 % | 20 % |
| Diabetes | 6 % | 17 % | 2 % |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl | 204±36 | 208±36 | 202±36 |
| - men | 201±35 | 204±36 | 200±34 |
| - women | 206±37 | 213±36 | 204±37 |
| Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 126±33 | 130±33 | 125±33 |
| - men | 129±31 | 129±33 | 129±31 |
| - women | 124±34 | 130±32 | 122±34 |
| High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 51±15 | 43±12 | 54±15 |
| - men | 44±11 | 39±9 | 46±11 |
| - women | 57±15 | 48±13 | 59±15 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl (mg/dl) | 133±70 | 175±78 | 117±58 |
| - men | 142±75 | 177±81 | 122±63 |
| - women | 126±64 | 172±75 | 113±55 |
| Total cholesterol/High Density cholesterol (mg/dl) | 4.3±1.4 | 5.1±1.4 | 4.0±1.3 |
| - men | 4.9±1.4 | 5.4±1.4 | 4.6±1.3 |
| - women | 3.9±1.3 | 4.7±1.3 | 3.7±1.1 |
| Triglyceride/High Density Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 3.1±2.3 | 4.6±2.9 | 2.5±1.8 |
| - Men | 3.7±2.6 | 5.0±3.0 | 3.0±2.1 |
| - Women | 2.5±1.9 | 4.0±2.5 | 2.1±1.4 |
| Insulin Resistance* | 7.6±5.6 | 12.5±8.5 | 5.6±1.2 |
| - men | 8.1±4.8 | 12.2±6.1 | 5.8±1.1 |
| - women | 7.1±6.1 | 12.9±11.0 | 5.5±1.2 |
Values are mean ± standard deviation, unless otherwise noted. IR (insulin resistance) defined as *Top quartile of homeostasis model assessment-IR without diabetes.
All comparisons for participants with and without IR are statistically significant at P< 0.001, with the exception in men of total cholesterol (P-value of 0.04) and LDL cholesterol (P=0.89). Overall, there was also no significant different in % current smoking (p=0.07) and in men or women in % current smoking (p=0.24 and p=0.15, respectively).