Table 3.
Effects of ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata (APE) and andrographolide (AND) on hepatic CYP450 and Phase II enzyme activities.
| Control | APE | AND | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytochrome P450 content (pmol/mg protein) | 486 ± 106a | 680 ± 71b | 674 ± 64b |
| Cytochrome b5 content (pmol/mg protein) | 220 ± 62 | 289 ± 117 | 327 ± 79 |
| NADPH-CYP450 reductase (μmol/min/mg protein) | 45.4 ± 3.1 | 56.2 ± 17.6 | 50.6 ± 7.1 |
| Cytochrome P450s | |||
| Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (1A1) | 22.1 ± 6.7a | 66.6 ± 25.3b | 66.6 ± 13.5b |
| Methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (1A2) | 13.0 ± 2.2a | 23.8 ± 4.5b | 25.6 ± 7.2b |
| Diclofenac 4-hydroxylase (2C) | 15.0 ± 4.1a | 45.1 ± 13.0b | 43.8 ± 10.5b |
| Dextromethorphan O-deethylase (2D) | 56.8 ± 12.7 | 85.3 ± 23.0 | 79.1 ± 30.4 |
| p-Nitrophenol 6-hydroxylase (2E1) | 47.2 ± 10.4a | 88.9 ± 29.9b | 91.1 ± 13.0b |
| Testosterone 6β-hydroxylase (3A) | 513 ± 188a | 831 ± 243b | 1195 ± 284b |
| Midazolam 1-hydroxylase (3A) | 233 ± 55a | 343 ± 43b | 320 ± 84ab |
| Lauric acid 12-hydroxylase (4A) | 139 ± 27 | 162 ± 86 | 214 ± 88 |
| Phase II enzymes | |||
| UDP-glucuronosyltransferase | 11.8 ± 3.9a | 35.6 ± 12.5b | 21.1 ± 6.5a |
| Glutathione S-transferase | 627 ± 65 | 744 ± 142 | 634 ± 62 |
Rats were orally dosed daily with 2 g/kg of APE or 50 mg/kg of AND for 5 days. The activities of CYP isozymes and Phase II enzymes are expressed as pmol/min/mg protein and nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. The values represent the mean ± SD, n = 5. The significance of the difference among group means was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. abValues of treatments not sharing the same letter differ significantly, P < 0.05.