Table 5.
Factors associated with continuing (vs. starting, stopping, or never using) self-care and practitioner-based CAM among women in the LIBCSP, multivariable analyses, OR (95% Confidence Interval).
| Multivitaminsb | Single vitamins/mineralsb | Botanicalsb | Other dietary supplementsb | Mind-bodyb | Special dietsb | Prayerb | Support groupsb | CAM practitionersb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agea | |||||||||
| Continuous | 0.98 (0.95–1.00) | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 1.00 (0.98–1.03) | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.97 (0.94–1.00) | 1.01 (0.93–1.08) | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) |
| Racea | |||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| All Other | 0.78 (0.39–1.60) | 1.09 (0.50–2.35) | 0.60 (0.26–1.36) | 0.40 (0.10–1.62) | 1.89 (0.80–4.49) | 2.18 (1.05–4.53) | 1.10 (0.52–2.32) | 1.74 (0.30–10.11) | 0.95 (0.40–2.22) |
| Annual household incomea | |||||||||
| <$25k | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| $25k–$49,999 | 1.14 (0.60–2.14) | 2.37 (1.21–4.64) | 1.38 (0.64–2.98) | 0.38 (0.13–1.10) | 0.78 (0.33–1.83) | 0.56 (0.26–1.19) | 1.79 (0.86–3.72) | — | 0.76 (0.34–1.72) |
| $50k–$89,999 | 0.97 (0.50–1.91) | 2.61 (1.28–5.30) | 1.12 (0.50–2.50) | 0.40 (0.13–1.19) | 0.50 (0.20–1.25) | 0.73 (0.33–1.59) | 1.38 (0.64–2.97) | — | 0.79 (0.34–1.82) |
| ≥$90k | 0.87 (0.42–1.82) | 2.09 (0.96–4.55) | 1.11 (0.47–2.60) | 0.31 (0.10–1.01) | 0.45 (0.16–1.21) | 0.96 (0.42–2.22) | 1.00 (0.43–2.31) | — | 0.82 (0.33–2.02) |
| Educationa | |||||||||
| ≤High school grad | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Some college | 1.25 (0.80–1.96) | 1.00 (0.64–1.58) | 1.82 (1.12–2.95) | 0.86 (0.38–1.99) | 2.38 (1.29–4.39) | 1.26 (0.74–2.15) | 1.02 (0.64–1.64) | 0.91 (0.24–3.40) | 1.26 (0.73–2.17) |
| College graduate | 1.17 (0.66–2.08) | 1.00 (0.55–1.83) | 2.72 (1.49–4.95) | 2.17 (0.88–5.39) | 1.36 (0.60–3.08) | 1.25 (0.65–2.42) | 0.76 (0.41–1.41) | 1.31 (0.29–5.98) | 1.83 (0.96–3.51) |
| Postgraduate | 0.85 (0.50–1.45) | 1.12 (0.64–1.96) | 2.25 (1.28–3.95) | 2.60 (1.13–5.97) | 2.44 (1.20–4.99) | 1.07 (0.58–1.98) | 0.80 (0.45–1.42) | 0.73 (0.17–3.14) | 1.54 (0.83–2.84) |
| BMI at diagnosisa | |||||||||
| <25 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| 25–29 | 0.79 (0.53–1.17) | 1.10 (0.73–1.66) | 1.00 (0.66–1.52) | 0.74 (0.39–1.40) | 0.53 (0.30–0.91) | 1.21 (0.77–1.90) | 0.96 (0.63–1.47) | 0.74 (0.21–2.63) | 1.58 (0.99–2.53) |
| ≥30 | 0.78 (0.48–1.25) | 0.76 (0.46–1.26) | 0.58 (0.34–1.01) | 0.40 (0.17–0.98) | 0.76 (0.40–1.46) | 1.11 (0.63–1.97) | 1.27 (0.76–2.10) | 1.90 (0.58–6.21) | 2.52 (1.44–4.43) |
| Menopausal (meno.) statusa | |||||||||
| Premeno. | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Postmeno. | 1.34 (0.80–2.24) | 0.86 (0.50–1.47) | 0.94 (0.55–1.61) | 2.81 (1.27–6.24) | 0.94 (0.48–1.84) | 0.98 (0.54–1.78) | 1.03 (0.60–1.77) | 0.70 (0.18–2.74) | 0.66 (0.37–1.18) |
| Mammograma | |||||||||
| Never/>5 yrs ago | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| <5 yrs ago | 0.85 (0.52–1.37) | 1.95 (1.13–3.38) | 1.10 (0.64–1.91) | 2.26 (0.64–7.92) | 1.43 (0.61–3.34) | 2.01 (0.76–5.32) | 1.09 (0.65–1.82) | 0.85 (0.24–3.04) | 0.70 (0.41–1.19) |
| Physical activity (h/wk)a | |||||||||
| 0 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| 0–0.69 | 1.41 (0.87–2.30) | 0.68 (0.41–1.12) | 1.51 (0.87–2.61) | 1.30 (0.55–3.05) | 1.80 (0.86–3.79) | 1.64 (0.90–2.97) | 1.09 (0.64–1.86) | 0.66 (0.14–3.04) | 1.25 (0.67–2.33) |
| 0.70–2.6 | 1.50 (0.93–2.43) | 1.00 (0.60–1.64) | 1.17 (0.68–2.01) | 1.26 (0.56–2.84) | 1.70 (0.82–3.50) | 0.95 (0.52–1.73) | 1.12 (0.67–1.89) | 1.49 (0.39–5.73) | 1.28 (0.71–2.32) |
| ≥2.7 | 1.31 (0.80–2.14) | 1.13 (0.68–1.90) | 1.46 (0.85–2.50) | 0.97 (0.42–2.22) | 2.44 (1.20–4.97) | 1.38 (0.76–2.48) | 0.98 (0.57–1.68) | 0.67 (0.14–3.13) | 1.54 (0.85–2.80) |
| Cigarette smoking statusa | |||||||||
| Never | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Current | 0.94 (0.58–1.52) | 0.79 (0.48–1.31) | 1.17 (0.70–1.96) | 1.03 (0.46–2.32) | 0.83 (0.41–1.70) | 0.44 (0.23–0.87) | 0.75 (0.45–1.27) | 0.85 (0.16–4.63) | 1.00 (0.56–1.79) |
| Former | 1.25 (0.85–1.84) | 0.82 (0.55–1.22) | 0.77 (0.51–1.17) | 0.66 (0.35–1.23) | 1.24 (0.75–2.06) | 1.10 (0.71–1.69) | 0.78 (0.51–1.18) | 2.16 (0.77–6.06) | 1.23 (0.78–1.94) |
| Alcohol usea | |||||||||
| Never | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Ever | 1.01 (0.69–1.47) | 1.51 (1.03–2.22) | 0.79 (0.53–1.18) | 1.05 (0.56–1.99) | 0.97 (0.57–1.62) | 1.01 (0.65–1.56) | 0.91 (0.61–1.35) | 0.55 (0.20–1.54) | 1.43 (0.91–2.26) |
| Fruit and vegetable intake (servings/ wk)a | |||||||||
| 0–34 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| ≥35 | 1.51 (1.06–2.17) | 1.18 (0.81–1.71) | 1.46 (1.00–2.12) | 0.87 (0.49–1.55) | 1.44 (0.91–2.30) | 1.23 (0.82–1.84) | 1.24 (0.85–1.81) | 0.69 (0.25–1.94) | 0.82 (0.54–1.25) |
| Stage at diagnosisa | |||||||||
| In situ | (1 Ref) | (1 Ref) | (1 Ref) | (1 Ref) | (1 Ref) | (1 Ref) | (1 Ref) | (1 Ref) | (1 Ref) |
| Invasive | 0.80 (0.48–1.34) | 1.47 (0.86–2.53) | 0.66 (0.38–1.13) | 0.88 (0.39–1.98) | 0.99 (0.48–2.03) | 0.90 (0.49–1.64) | 0.93 (0.54–1.61) | 0.76 (0.15–3.83) | 0.73 (0.41–1.31) |
| Treatments receivedb | |||||||||
| Chemo. (no/yes) | 0.82 (0.55–1.24) | 0.83 (0.54–1.28) | 1.92 (1.23–2.98) | 1.46 (0.74–2.89) | 1.51 (0.87–2.62) | 1.15 (0.71–1.86) | 1.06 (0.68–1.63) | 2.04 (0.59–7.05) | 1.08 (0.66–1.77) |
| Tamoxifen (no/yes) | 1.14 (0.78–1.66) | 0.60 (0.40–0.89) | 0.84 (0.56–1.25) | 0.60 (0.33–1.09) | 1.05 (0.63–1.74) | 1.26 (0.81–1.96) | 1.38 (0.92–2.07) | 0.94 (0.33–2.63) | 0.82 (0.53–1.28) |
| Continuous CAM Use before diagnosisb | |||||||||
| Multivit. | N/A | 3.60 (2.52–5.15) | 1.85 (1.25–2.75) | 1.53 (0.81–2.90) | 1.63 (0.99–2.70) | 0.93 (0.61–1.43) | 1.43 (0.97–2.13) | 1.04 (0.37–2.92) | 1.05 (0.68–1.63) |
| Single vit. | 3.61 (2.53–5.16) | N/A | 1.58 (1.04–2.38) | 3.87 (1.77–8.45) | 0.98 (0.58–1.65) | 1.74 (1.10–2.75) | 1.06 (0.70–1.59) | 0.82 (0.28–2.35) | 2.13 (1.33–3.42) |
| Botanicals | 1.79 (1.21–2.66) | 1.59 (1.05–2.40) | N/A | 0.70 (0.39–1.27) | 1.13 (0.70–1.84) | 1.32 (0.86–2.03) | 1.69 (1.12–2.53) | 1.29 (0.47–3.57) | 1.73 (1.13–2.65) |
| Other diet. supp. | 1.38 (0.75–2.52) | 3.38 (1.62–7.05) | 0.75 (0.43–1.33) | N/A | 2.86 (1.57–5.20) | 1.12 (0.62–2.04) | 1.00 (0.54–1.82) | 1.23 (0.32–4.65) | 3.55 (2.02–6.24) |
| Mind-body | 1.58 (0.96–2.61) | 0.98 (0.58–1.65) | 1.04 (0.64–1.69) | 2.64 (1.42–4.89) | N/A | 1.71 (1.04–2.79) | 7.53 (4.50–12.62) | 5.43 (1.93–15.28) | 2.41 (1.48–3.94) |
| Special diet | 0.93 (0.60–1.43) | 1.65 (1.05–2.60) | 1.31 (0.85–2.01) | 1.26 (0.67–2.35) | 1.66 (1.01–2.74) | N/A | 1.24 (0.80–1.94) | 1.17 (0.39–3.51) | 1.55 (0.98–2.45) |
| CAM practitioner | 1.11 (0.72–1.71) | 2.00 (1.26–3.18) | 1.74 (1.14–2.66) | 3.94 (2.18–7.09) | 2.34 (1.42–3.85) | 1.53 (0.97–2.43) | 1.54 (0.99–2.39) | 2.17 (0.74–6.37) | N/A |
aData collected at baseline, 1996-997; bData collected at follow-up, 2002–2004.
Bold text indicates statistically significant odds ratio (P < 0.05).