Table 6.
Factors associated with starting (vs. continuing, stopping or never using) self-care and practitioner-based CAM after diagnosis among women in the LIBCSP, multivariable analyses, OR (95% Confidence Interval).
| Multivitaminsb | Single vitamins/mineralsb | Botanicalsb | Other dietary supplementsb | Mind-bodyb | Special dietsb | Prayerb | Support groupsb | CAM practitionersb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agea | |||||||||
| Continuous | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) | 0.93 (0.89–0.97) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 0.92 (0.87–0.98) | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) |
| Racea | |||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| All Other | 2.09 (0.98–4.46) | 1.37 (0.60–3.13) | 3.46 (1.33–9.01) | 0.76 (0.25–2.34) | 0.93 (0.31–2.79) | 3.63 (1.53–8.63) | 3.52 (1.02–12.10) | 0.87 (0.35–2.14) | 1.18 (0.48–2.87) |
| Annual household incomea | |||||||||
| <$25k | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| $25k–$49,999 | 1.07 (0.52–2.17) | 1.30 (0.60–2.80) | 0.41 (0.14–1.23) | 0.93 (0.34–2.55) | 0.84 (0.25–2.91) | 1.17 (0.44–3.09) | 0.30 (0.06–1.39) | 1.39 (0.47–4.13) | 0.31 (0.13–0.72) |
| $50k–$89,999 | 0.90 (0.42–1.93) | 1.49 (0.66–3.36) | 0.47 (0.16–1.43) | 1.23 (0.43–3.53) | 0.71 (0.21–2.38) | 0.74 (0.26–2.10) | 0.39 (0.10–1.61) | 1.89 (0.64–5.55) | 0.39 (0.17–0.90) |
| ≥$90k | 1.02 (0.44–2.36) | 2.00 (0.83–4.85) | 0.70 (0.22–2.30) | 1.41 (0.46–4.34) | 0.33 (0.09–1.25) | 0.75 (0.24–2.33) | 0.29 (0.06–1.47) | 1.75 (0.57–5.38) | 0.59 (0.24–1.46) |
| Educationa | |||||||||
| ≤High school grad. | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Some college | 0.96 (0.57–1.62) | 1.03 (0.61–1.72) | 1.89 (0.91–3.95) | 1.64 (0.86–3.10) | 2.02 (0.98–4.17) | 1.13 (0.59–2.17) | 2.26 (0.80–6.37) | 1.24 (0.66–2.31) | 1.47 (0.80–2.68) |
| College graduate | 0.82 (0.41–1.65) | 0.89 (0.44–1.78) | 0.82 (0.31–2.21) | 0.93 (0.39–2.25) | 1.76 (0.73–4.26) | 0.86 (0.36–2.07) | 0.87 (0.22–3.46) | 2.27 (1.13–4.56) | 1.05 (0.48–2.27) |
| Postgraduate | 1.54 (0.84–2.82) | 0.97 (0.51–1.81) | 1.57 (0.66–3.72) | 1.36 (0.64–2.87) | 3.90 (1.76–8.62) | 0.87 (0.38–2.00) | 2.01 (0.59–6.80) | 1.75 (0.90–3.40) | 1.49 (0.75–2.96) |
| BMI at diagnosisa | |||||||||
| <25 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| 25–29 | 1.01 (0.64–1.60) | 0.86 (0.54–1.38) | 1.02 (0.53–1.96) | 1.10 (0.63–1.93) | 1.27 (0.69–2.33) | 0.73 (0.41–1.28) | 0.38 (0.13–1.12) | 1.35 (0.82–2.23) | 1.07 (0.63–1.82) |
| ≥30 | 1.05 (0.61–1.81) | 1.06 (0.61–1.85) | 1.54 (0.69–3.45) | 1.28 (0.64–2.57) | 2.11 (1.03–4.33) | 0.23 (0.08–0.64) | 1.31 (0.47–3.63) | 0.89 (0.46–1.74) | 1.30 (0.70–2.40) |
| Menopausal (meno.) statusa | |||||||||
| Premeno. | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Postmeno. | 0.92 (0.50–1.68) | 0.83 (0.45–1.56) | 0.85 (0.38–1.87) | 1.12 (0.54–2.34) | 0.52 (0.24–1.10) | 0.84 (0.38–1.84) | 0.81 (0.26–2.47) | 1.20 (0.65–2.23) | 0.90 (0.47–1.75) |
| Mammograma | |||||||||
| Never/>5 yrs ago | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| <5 yrs ago | 1.06 (0.60–1.87) | 0.91 (0.52–1.62) | 1.07 (0.34–3.38) | 1.53 (0.48–4.86) | 1.20 (0.56–2.57) | 0.86 (0.42–1.73) | 1.70 (0.60–4.81) | 0.97 (0.52–1.78) | 1.66 (0.71–3.86) |
| Physical activity (h/wk)a | |||||||||
| 0 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| 0–0.69 | 0.70 (0.40–1.23) | 1.44 (0.82–2.51) | 1.03 (0.42–2.56) | 1.07 (0.54–2.15) | 1.39 (0.62–3.07) | 1.57 (0.70–3.52) | 0.47 (0.14–1.55) | 0.71 (0.35–1.42) | 0.89 (0.46–1.75) |
| 0.70–2.6 | 0.97 (0.57–1.66) | 1.16 (0.65–2.06) | 1.28 (0.56–2.92) | 0.57 (0.27–1.21) | 1.34 (0.62–2.90) | 1.99 (0.91–4.33) | 0.70 (0.24–1.99) | 1.22 (0.65–2.29) | 0.82 (0.43–1.57) |
| ≥2.7 | 0.71 (0.40–1.27) | 0.85 (0.46–1.57) | 1.37 (0.60–3.10) | 1.06 (0.53–2.13) | 1.16 (0.52–2.59) | 1.81 (0.83–3.99) | 0.94 (0.33–2.68) | 0.90 (0.47–1.73) | 1.14 (0.60–2.15) |
| Cigarette smoking statusa | |||||||||
| Never | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Current | 0.69 (0.39–1.22) | 0.81 (0.46–1.43) | 1.47 (0.66–3.31) | 0.72 (0.34–1.55) | 0.92 (0.45–1.88) | 0.77 (0.36–1.65) | 1.04 (0.39–2.72) | 0.72 (0.38–1.35) | 1.23 (0.67–2.28) |
| Former | 0.83 (0.53–1.30) | 0.80 (0.51–1.26) | 1.32 (0.70–2.51) | 1.23 (0.72–2.09) | 0.93 (0.51–1.69) | 1.13 (0.63–2.00) | 0.49 (0.18–1.34) | 0.63 (0.38–1.05) | 1.12 (0.66–1.88) |
| Alcohol usea | |||||||||
| Never | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Ever | 0.80 (0.52–1.22) | 0.85 (0.55–1.30) | 1.08 (0.57–2.03) | 1.13 (0.66–1.95) | 0.77 (0.44–1.35) | 0.88 (0.50–1.55) | 1.66 (0.68–4.07) | 1.11 (0.68–1.81) | 0.50 (0.31–0.81) |
| Fruit and vegetable intake (servings/wk)a | |||||||||
| 0–34 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| ≥35 | 0.70 (0.46–1.08) | 0.77 (0.50–1.18) | 0.92 (0.51–1.64) | 1.04 (0.63–1.72) | 0.89 (0.51–1.54) | 0.93 (0.54–1.58) | 0.56 (0.23–1.35) | 1.20 (0.77–1.89) | 1.75 (1.10–2.78) |
| Stage at diagnosisa | |||||||||
| In situ | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Invasive | 0.85 (0.47–1.54) | 0.58 (0.32–1.06) | 0.96 (0.43–2.18) | 0.73 (0.37–1.45) | 0.84 (0.38–1.89) | 0.82 (0.39–1.71) | 0.51 (0.15–1.68) | 2.14 (0.99–4.64) | 1.02 (0.53–1.97) |
| Treatments receivedb | |||||||||
| Chemo. (no/yes) | 1.00 (0.62–1.60) | 1.12 (0.69–1.82) | 0.88 (0.45–1.74) | 0.58 (0.31–1.07) | 1.04 (0.55–1.99) | 1.08 (0.59–1.99) | 1.78 (0.65–4.93) | 1.24 (0.74–2.08) | 0.75 (0.43–1.29) |
| Tamoxifen (no/yes) | 1.39 (0.89–2.17) | 1.86 (1.17–2.95) | 0.92 (0.50–1.68) | 1.54 (0.88–2.69) | 1.41 (0.79–2.52) | 0.69 (0.40–1.19) | 1.32 (0.57–3.06) | 1.17 (0.72–1.90) | 1.04 (0.64–1.70) |
| Continuous CAM Use before diagnosisb | |||||||||
| Multivit. | N/A | 0.51 (0.33–0.77) | 1.23 (0.66–2.30) | 1.12 (0.66–1.91) | 0.57 (0.33–1.00) | 0.97 (0.56–1.67) | 0.59 (0.26–1.33) | 0.99 (0.61–1.60) | 0.85 (0.52–1.39) |
| Single vit. | 0.52 (0.34–0.78) | N/A | 9.92 (3.69–26.63) | 1.17 (0.68–2.01) | 1.49 (0.82–2.73) | 0.92 (0.52–1.62) | 0.63 (0.27–1.49) | 1.23 (0.73–2.05) | 0.93 (0.56–1.53) |
| Botanicals | 1.13 (0.72–1.79) | 1.62 (1.02–2.57) | N/A | 2.02 (1.20–3.41) | 1.98 (1.15–3.41) | 2.42 (1.41–4.15) | 1.65 (0.74–3.71) | 1.26 (0.79–2.00) | 1.49 (0.91–2.43) |
| Other diet. supp. | 0.93 (0.44–1.94) | 0.39 (0.15–1.05) | 2.72 (1.39–5.33) | N/A | 1.19 (0.55–2.58) | 1.04 (0.44–2.47) | 1.55 (0.48–5.03) | 1.72 (0.93–3.16) | 0.88 (0.41–1.90) |
| Mind-body | 0.68 (0.36–1.26) | 0.88 (0.47–1.64) | 1.36 (0.69–2.68) | 1.69 (0.91–3.12) | N/A | 0.58 (0.27–1.26) | 0.66 (0.21–2.04) | 2.39 (1.40–4.05) | 0.80 (0.42–1.53) |
| Special diet | 0.69 (0.41–1.18) | 0.58 (0.33–1.00) | 1.09 (0.58–2.06) | 1.17 (0.66–2.07) | 1.12 (0.61–2.06) | N/A | 0.95 (0.37–2.48) | 1.12 (0.67–1.86) | 0.63 (0.35–1.13) |
| CAM practitioner | 0.93 (0.56–1.56) | 0.55 (0.31–0.97) | 0.93 (0.49–1.75) | 0.50 (0.26–0.96) | 1.13 (0.63–2.04) | 0.68 (0.35–1.33) | 1.00 (0.39–2.60) | 1.35 (0.82–2.23) | N/A |
aData collected at baseline, 1996-1997; bData collected at follow-up, 2002–2004.
Bold text indicates statistically significant odds ratio (P < 0.05).