Table 1.
Descriptive statistics by migration and residency status (N = 1,278).
| Urban residents | Rural-to-urban migrants | Urbanized rural residents | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chronic health conditions—lifetime | |||
| Total number of chronic conditions (1 min, 10 max; mean)c | 0.69 (0.22) | 0.23 (0.08) | 0.73 (0.08) |
| At least one chronic condition (%)c | 36.22 | 15.67 | 37.26 |
| More than one chronic conditions (%)c | 18.99 | 6.01 | 19.57 |
| Pain-related conditions (%)c | 34.50 | 13.07 | 34.47 |
| Cardiovascular conditions (%) | 10.07 | 2.19 | 4.83 |
| Respiratory conditions (%) | 0.23 | 0.92 | 0.99 |
| Other conditions (%) | 3.28 | 0.03 | 1.41 |
| Chronic health conditions—past 12 months | |||
| Total number of chronic conditions (1 min, 10 max; mean)a,c | 0.59 (0.16) | 0.21 (0.07) | 0.61 (0.11) |
| At least one chronic condition (%)c | 34.47 | 13.79 | 32.92 |
| More than one chronic conditions (%)c | 14.12 | 5.87 | 15.38 |
| Pain-related conditions (%)c | 30.35 | 12.40 | 31.15 |
| Cardiovascular conditions (%)a | 7.47 | 0.87 | 3.77 |
| Respiratory conditions (%) | 0.16 | 0.92 | 0.99 |
| Other conditions (%) | 3.15 | 0.03 | 0.41 |
| Received treatment during the past 12 months | |||
| Among those with any 12-month chronic conditions (%) | 90.46 | 82.37 | 75.37 |
| Among those with 12-month pain-related conditions (%) | 85.50 | 87.14 | 74.46 |
| Among those with 12-month cardiovascular conditions (%) | 99.40 | 84.47 | 90.83 |
| Among those with 12-month respiratory conditions (%)a,c | 82.54 | 13.15 | 100.00 |
| Among those with 12-month other conditions (%) | 98.61 | 100.00 | 98.51 |
| Concern of seeking medical treatment | |||
| Worry about paying medical bills (very much, %)b,c | 11.95 | 6.78 | 25.93 |
| Socio-demographic characteristics | |||
| Age (years, mean)a | 43.95 (2.02) | 37.60 (3.31) | 44.73 (3.08) |
| Gender (female, %) | 53.62 | 49.74 | 44.81 |
| Marital status (married, %) | 88.12 | 80.16 | 85.94 |
| Education (years of schooling, mean)b | 10.46 (1.65) | 7.72 (0.88) | 6.64 (0.97) |
| Occupation (professional/managerial, %) | 25.54 | 10.89 | 3.87 |
| Household wealth (0 min, 12 max; mean) | 6.46 (1.03) | 5.65 (0.73) | 5.51 (0.37) |
| Health insurance | |||
| Urban basic medical insurance (%)a,b | 62.16 | 8.91 | 2.55 |
| New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (%)a,b | 16.63 | 66.73 | 80.02 |
| Commercial health insurance (%)c | 23.80 | 4.01 | 9.04 |
| Sample size N | 613 | 231 | 434 |
| Weighted percentage (%) | 56.78 | 18.13 | 25.09 |
Survey design effects (strata, cluster, and individual weight) are adjusted in the mean estimations.
Means or percentages are reported; standard errors in parentheses.
aDifference between urban residents and rural-to-urban migrants significant at P < 0.05.
bDifference between urban residents and urbanized rural residents significant at P < 0.05.
cDifference between rural-to-urban migrants and urbanized rural residents significant at P < 0.05.