Vertical chemical profiles (a and c) and bssA gene abundance (b) in samples collected in a vertical transect 2.9 m downgradient of the injection port. Data are displayed as values relative to the sample of greatest concentration (in panel a, 82% saturation for DO, 1.7 mg/liter for nitrate, and 61 mg/liter for toluene; in panel b, 9.08 × 106 copies/g for water and 5.23 × 107 copies/g for sediment; in panel c, 83% saturation for DO, 2.3 mg/liter for nitrate, and 0 mg/liter for toluene). Panel d shows the fold increase in bssA gene abundance in pore water following biostimulation with nitrate.