Fig 2.

Human monocytes exhibit M2c alternatively activated phenotype in response to viral IL-10 protein treatment. CD14⁺ monocytes were treated with viral IL-10 (100 ng/ml), hIL-10 (100 ng/ml), lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 μg/ml), and hIL-4 (100 ng/ml) or with PBS (negative control) for 24 h. (A) Flow cytometry histograms of human monocytes expressing CD14, CD163, and HLA-DR. Open histograms show expression in treated samples compared to filled histograms that show expression in PBS-treated samples. (B) Graph depicting the fold change (relative to PBS treatment) of CD14, CD163, and HLA-DR mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for hIL-10-, viral IL-10-, LPS-, and hIL-4-treated monocytes. The number of independent biological replicate experiments (n) is shown. Error bars indicate the standard errors of the means. Significant differences between samples compared to PBS treatment were determined using a one-tailed, paired Student t test: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.