Fig 1.

A block in infection/transduction is not due to lack of receptor or deficient binding of virus. (A) Cells were incubated with baculovirus (MOI, 800) and analyzed at 48 h p.t. with a confocal microscope. The percentages of cells expressing the fluorescent reporter gene are shown. (B) Echovirus infection (8 × 10⁷ PFU/ml) was analyzed at 6 h p.i. Cells were immunolabeled with antibody against EV1, and the percentages of cells showing cytoplasmic expression of newly synthesized virus particles are shown. (C to F) Cell lines showed no statistical difference in virus binding or numbers of viral receptors. The amounts of bound viruses, syndecan 1, and α2β1-integrin were determined by immunolabeling with antibodies against the virus, syndecan 1, and α2-integrin. Cells were imaged by confocal microscopy, and the relative amounts of viruses and their receptors are shown as total intensity of antibody per nucleus volume. Analysis was performed using BioImageXD. The error bars indicate SEM.