Table 6.

Gene targets that were more frequently detected in manured soil than in unmanured control soil^a

Targeted gene(s)	Presence or absence of gene				% of samples positive for the gene
	Dairy manure		Swine manure		Dairy manure-treated soil		Swine manaure-treated soil		Control soil
	2011	2012	2011	2012	2011	2012	2011	2012	2011	2012
IncQ repB	+	+	+	+	0	0	0	81b	0	0
IncQ oriT	+	+	+	+	0	0	0	31b	0	0
incW	−	+	+	+	NA	62	55b	100	5	56
IncW oriV	−	+	−	+	NA	6	NA	31b	NA	0
erm(A)	+	+	+	+	10	0	30	81b	10	0
erm(B)	+	+	+	+	60b	75	85b	87	5	75
erm(F)	+	+	+	+	15	12	20	62b	5	6

^aData for manures are expressed as presence (+) or absence (−) and for soils as % samples that were positive for the indicated target. In a given year, only genes that were detected in manure were analyzed in soil samples. Data for soil samples taken from all vegetable plots were pooled for the analysis; the number of soil replicates (in dairy manure-treated, swine manure-treated, or unmanured control soil) was 20 each in 2011 and was 16 each in 2012. Only those targets for which there was a significant treatment effect are presented. All of the data are available in Table S9 in the supplemental material. NA indicates not analyzed.

^bValue is significantly different from the control soil in that sampling year (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.05).