Table 6.
Targeted gene(s) | Presence or absence of gene |
% of samples positive for the gene |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dairy manure |
Swine manure |
Dairy manure-treated soil |
Swine manaure-treated soil |
Control soil |
||||||
2011 | 2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | 2012 | |
IncQ repB | + | + | + | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 81b | 0 | 0 |
IncQ oriT | + | + | + | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31b | 0 | 0 |
incW | − | + | + | + | NA | 62 | 55b | 100 | 5 | 56 |
IncW oriV | − | + | − | + | NA | 6 | NA | 31b | NA | 0 |
erm(A) | + | + | + | + | 10 | 0 | 30 | 81b | 10 | 0 |
erm(B) | + | + | + | + | 60b | 75 | 85b | 87 | 5 | 75 |
erm(F) | + | + | + | + | 15 | 12 | 20 | 62b | 5 | 6 |
Data for manures are expressed as presence (+) or absence (−) and for soils as % samples that were positive for the indicated target. In a given year, only genes that were detected in manure were analyzed in soil samples. Data for soil samples taken from all vegetable plots were pooled for the analysis; the number of soil replicates (in dairy manure-treated, swine manure-treated, or unmanured control soil) was 20 each in 2011 and was 16 each in 2012. Only those targets for which there was a significant treatment effect are presented. All of the data are available in Table S9 in the supplemental material. NA indicates not analyzed.
Value is significantly different from the control soil in that sampling year (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.05).