Fig 3.

Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production by DCs in response to stimulation by S. suis or GBS CPSs for 24 h. Native (n) or desialylated (dS) S. suis type 2 (Ss2), S. suis type 14 (Ss14), GBS type III, or GBS type V CPS (each at 200 μg/ml) was incubated with DCs (10⁶ cells/ml). After 24 h, supernatants were collected, and IL-1β (A), IL-6 (B), IL-12p70 (C), TNF-α (D), and IL-10 (E) levels were quantified by ELISA. Cells stimulated with medium alone and with LPS (1 μg/ml) served as negative (C⁻) and positive (C⁺) controls, respectively. Data are expressed as means with SEM (pg/ml) for at least three experiments with at least three technical replicates.