Table 2.

Induction of His⁺ revertants in S. Typhimurium strains by VNI in a reverse mutation test without metabolic activation

Strain	VNI (nM)	Without S9			With S9
		MIa	No. of His+ revertants/plateb	Survival (%)c	MI	No. of His+ revertants/plate	Survival (%)
TA97	0	1.00	81.0 ± 4.4	100.0	1.00	192.0 ± 22.7	100.0
	0.06	1.08	87.7 ± 3.8	100.0	1.09	208.7 ± 10.1	73.6
	0.12	1.10	89.0 ± 13.9	100.0	1.05	200.7 ± 9.9	100.0
	0.23	1.17	94.7 ± 0.6	100.0	1.02	196.0 ± 19.7	100.0
	0.45	1.12	90.3 ± 16.8	100.0	1.11	212.7 ± 32.9	100.0
	0.89	1.23	100.0 ± 5.2	100.0	1.10	210.7 ± 43.1	100.0
TA98	0	1.00	24.0 ± 7.1	100.0	1.00	45.0 ± 15.6	100.0
	0.06	1.85	44.3 ± 3.1	83.2	0.99	44.7 ± 17.2	100.0
	0.12	1.14	27.3 ± 7.2	100.0	0.84	38.0 ± 4.0	97.1
	0.23	1.19	28.7 ± 9.1	70.9	0.87	39.3 ± 6.1	100.0
	0.45	1.22	29.3 ± 4.0	74.4	1.04	46.7 ± 6.1	99.6
	0.89	1.63	39.0 ± 4.4	80.3	1.02	46.0 ± 12.5	99.3
TA100	0	1.00	178.0 ± 28.6	100.0	1.00	84.0 ± 5.3	100.0
	0.06	0.88	156.3 ± 9.1	100.0	1.09	91.3 ± 11.0	56.4
	0.12	0.81	144.3 ± 9.8	93.8	1.03	86.7 ± 6.4	70.5
	0.23	0.86	153.3 ± 14.2	100.0	1.18	99.3 ± 4.6	79.9
	0.45	1.16	205.7 ± 11.0	100.0	1.28	107.3 ± 6.4	75.9
	0.89	0.99	177.0 ± 23.3	100.0	0.96	80.7 ± 18.5	62.8
TA102	0	1.00	346.7 ± 40.1	100.0	1.00	405.0 ± 33.0	100.0
	0.06	0.77	266.3 ± 18.0	100.0	1.00	403.3 ± 14.8	74.2
	0.12	1.20	414.7 ± 37.0	100.0	0.75	303.3 ± 33.3	90.3
	0.23	0.90	311.0 ± 28.6	100.0	0.73	294.0 ± 53.8	86.2
	0.45	1.11	386.0 ± 30.0	100.0	0.79	318.0 ± 11.4	95.7
	0.89	1.06	368.0 ± 5.7	100.0	0.85	344.7 ± 16.9	76.7

^aMutagenic index (MI), number of His⁺ revertants induced in the sample/number of spontaneous His⁺ revertants in the negative control (5% DMSO).

^bMean value ± standard deviation from at least three experiments.

^cCalculated in relation to the negative control. Bold numbers are statistically significant (P ≤ 0.005).