Table 2.
Descriptive Characteristics of Participants
| No. of Participants (%) / Mean ± SD |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Characteristics | Treatment | Control | Total |
| Age | 61.0 ± 13.5 | 63.3 ± 12.6 | 62.2 ± 13.0 |
| Gender (female) | 37 (34.9) | 43 (37.1) | 80 (36.0) |
| Type of stroke (ischemic) | 97 (91.5) | 98 (84.5) | 195 (87.8) |
| Side of stroke (left) | 58 (54.7) | 62 (53.5) | 120 (54.1) |
| Concordance | 50 (47.2) | 60 (51.7) | 110 (49.6) |
| Time after stroke (days) | 179.8 ± 66.1 | 187.7 ± 70.8 | 182.5 ± 65.9 |
| Functional level (high) | 83 (78.3) | 94 (81.0) | 177 (79.7) |
| Mean MAL AOU | 1.36 ± 0.91 | 1.39 ± 0.92 | 1.38 ± 0.91 |
| Mean MAL QOM | 1.44 ± 0.90 | 1.46 ± 0.91 | 1.45 ± 0.90 |
| Mean WMFT FAS | 2.55 ± 0.51 | 2.50 ± 0.66 | 2.52 ± 0.59 |
| Log mean WMFT time | 2.68 ± 1.02 | 2.66 ± 1.21 | 2.67 ± 1.12 |
| FMA motor | 42.5 ± 11.7 | 41.1 ± 12.9 | 41.8 ± 12.3 |
| Spasticity: elbow flexors | 69 (67.7) | 75 (66.4) | 144 (67.0) |
| Spasticity: forearm pronators | 63 (61.8) | 74 (65.5) | 137 (63.7) |
| Spasticity: wrist flexors | 65 (63.7) | 74 (65.5) | 139 (64.7) |
| Sensory impairment (light touch) | 44 (41.5) | 52 (44.8) | 96 (43.2) |
| Sensory impairment (proprioception) | 30 (28.3) | 37 (31.9) | 67 (30.2) |
| Impaired visual perception Outcomes |
53 (50.0) | 62 (53.5) | 115 (51.8) |
| 2 week mean MAL QOM | 2.48 ± 1.00 | 1.77 ± 1.11 | 2.12 ± 1.11 |
| 2 week mean MAL QOM ≥3 | 31 (29.3) | 18 (15.5) | 49 (22.1) |
| 12 month mean MAL QOM | 2.64 ± 1.06 | 2.06 ± 1.30 | 2.34 ± 1.22 |
| 12 month mean MAL QOM ≥3 | 33 (31.1) | 21 (18.1) | 54 (24.3) |
MAL = Motor Activity Log; AOU = Amount of Use; QOM = Quality of Movement; WMFT = Wolf Motor Function Test; FAS = functional ability scale; FMA = Fugl-Meyer Assessment.