(a) DEP capture of Bacteriophage T4r versus the applied AC voltage. The DEP capture is represented by the maximum increase in the integrated fluorescence intensity ΔF max over the active NEA area during the ~75 secs of DEP period. The frequency is fixed at 10 kHz, the flow velocity is varied at 0.33, 0.73, and 1.35 mm·sec−1, and the concentration of Bacteriophage T4r is 5×109 pfu·ml−1. (b) and (c) are snapshots of the video taken at 4 Vpp and 6 Vpp, respectively with the flow velocity at 0.73 mm·sec−1.