The Δskp ΔfkpA double mutant exhibits phenotypes consistent with OMP assembly defects. (A) Overnight cultures were grown at the permissive temperature of 30°C. These cultures were then serially diluted in fresh LB medium, spotted onto LB agar, and incubated overnight at 30°C and 37°C. The degPS210A allele was moved using the linked yadC::Tn10 marker, so this allele is also present in all of the degPS210A strains, and all of the strains shown are Ara+/r. The Δskp degPS210A ΔfkpA strain exhibits a defect of approximately 3 to 4 logs of growth at 37°C compared to that of the single and double mutants. (B) Growth of the wild-type, Δskp, ΔfkpA, and Δskp ΔfkpA strains was assayed on LB agar supplemented with 65 mg/liter vancomycin by efficiency-of-plating assay. The Δskp ΔfkpA double mutant exhibits a defect of approximately 5 to 6 logs of growth on 65 mg/liter vancomycin.