Left: Time courses of nitrate and nitrite utilization and magnetite biomineralization during anaerobic denitrifying growth of WT, ΔnirS, and ΔnirN strains at 20°C. The initial nitrate concentration was 4 mM, and the concentrations of nitrate and nitrite were measured over time. (Right) TEM images of WT, ΔnirS, and ΔnirN cells from aliquots taken at different time points are shown. Bars, 100 nm. The results shown come from one data set representative of two independent experiments.