Table 1.
TLRs, ligands, endogenous ligands and localozation.
| TLR | Ligands (pathogen) | endogenous ligands | localization |
|---|---|---|---|
| TLR1 | Triacyl lipoprotein (bacteria) | β-defensin-3 | plasma membrane |
| TLR2 | Lipoprotein (bacteria, viruses, parasites) | HSP60, 70, Gp96 | plasma membrane |
| HMGB1, serum amyloid A | |||
| Hyaluronic acid | |||
| Antiphospholipid antibodies | |||
| TLR3 | dsRNA (bacteria, viruses) | mRNA | Endolysosome |
| TLR4 | LPS (bacteria) | HMGB1, fibronectin EDA, Fibrinogen, HSP60,70,72, Gp96, S100A8, S100A9, Serum amyloid A, Oxidised LDL, Saturated fatty acids Hyaluronic acid fragments Heparan sulfate fragments Antiphospholipid antibodies |
Plasma membrane |
| TLR5 | Flagellin (bacteria) | Plasma membrane | |
| TLR6 | Diacyl lipoprotein (bacteria) | Plasma membrane | |
| TLR7 | ssRNA (virus, bacteria) | ssRNA | Endolysosome |
| Antiphospholipid antibodies | |||
| TLR8 | (human) ssRNA (virus, bacteria) | ssRNA | Endolysosome |
| Antiphospholipid antibodies | |||
| TLR9 | CpG-DNA (bacteria virus, protozoa) | IgG-chromatin complex | Endolysosome |
| mitochondrial DNA | |||
| self denatured DNA | |||
| TLR10 | Unknown | Endolysosome | |
| TLR11 | Profilin-like molecule (protozoa) | Plasma membrane |